BMC Immunology

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Open Access Highly Access Research article

Direct cell-to-cell spread of a pathogenic yeast

Hansong Ma1, Joanne E Croudace2, David A Lammas2 and Robin C May1*

Author Affiliations

1 Molecular Pathobiology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

2 Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

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BMC Immunology 2007, 8:15 doi:10.1186/1471-2172-8-15

Published: 16 August 2007

Additional files

Additional file 1:

Lateral transfer of JEC21 from an infected to an uninfected human primary macrophage. The infected (donor) cell is highlighted in the first frame. The donor cell moves underneath the recipient cell and, at 1:25, the recipient macrophage contacts the cryptococcal phagosome. About 160 min after the onset of filming, membrane fusion starts to occur at the contact point of the two cells and initiates lateral transfer of the yeast from the donor cell to the recipient cell. The whole process takes only seven minutes. Upon completion, the cryptococcal cell is entirely in the recipient macrophage and the donor macrophage moves away.

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Additional file 2:

Lateral transfer of Cryptococcus neoformans strain 125.91 between J774 murine-derived macrophages. The donor cell (highlighted in frame one, upper right) transfers one of the two internalized cryptococci to the recipient cell (bottom left). The transferred Cryptococcus is marked by a white arrow in frame one. The donor cell moves downwards, contacting the recipient macrophage approximately 90 minutes after the onset of filming. Transfer occurs approximately 115 minutes into the movie. Note that the transferred Cryptococcus then moves underneath a surface-bound cryptococcal cell (clearly visible at 124 minutes), demonstrating that it is held within an intracellular compartment and not simply attached to the plasma membrane.

Format: MOV Size: 1.2MB Download file

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Open Data