Figure 4.

The higher expression levels of many genes distinguishes S288C and J940047 from the environmental strains. The higher expression of many genes was characteristic of strains J940047 and S288C when compared to the environmental (06L3FF02, 06L6FF20) and commercial (AEB Fermol Rouge, Lalvin ICV D254 and Lalvin EC-1118) strains. These differences were observed throughout fermentation, being particularly evident at the end (T6), and impacted stress response genes, as well as genes annotated to metabolic pathways relevant for fermentation progression. Many of the differentially expressed genes were hypothetical or corresponded to Ty elements, as is indicated by colour coded bars.