Figure 6.

Starch biosynthesis and catabolism, and ethanol fermentation pathways reconstructed based on the de novo assembly and annotation of D. tertiolecta transcriptome. Identified and unidentified enzymes are shown in solid and dashed boxes, respectively. Enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis include: PGM, phosphoglucomutase (EC: 5.4.2.2); SuPase, sucrose phosphorylase (EC: 2.4.7.1); AGPase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC: 2.7.7.27); SS, starch synthase (EC: 2.4.1.21); BE, α-1,4-glucan branching enzyme (EC: 2.4.1.18); and HXK, hexokinase (2.7.1.1). Enzymes involved in starch catabolism include: α-AMY, α-amylase (EC: 3.2.1.1); O1, 6G, oligo-1,6-glucosidase (EC: 3.2.1.10); β-AMY, β-amylase (EC: 3.2.1.2); and SPase, starch phosphorylase (EC: 2.4.1.1). Enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation via pyruvate include: PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase (EC: 4.1.1.1); and ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase (EC: 1.1.1.1). Enzyme PDHC, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (EC 1.2.4.1, 2.3.1.12, 1.8.4.1), transforms pyruvate into acetyl-CoA which may then be used in the lipid biosynthesis pathway. Key enzymes are shown with an asterisk next to the boxes, and dashed arrows denote reaction(s) in which the enzymes are not shown.