Figure 4.

Quantifications of candidate genes in different castes and stages. Relative expression levels of HsjCib, Hsj14-3-3e, HsjTubb, HsjFib2, HsjSAP, and HsjUPL in different castes and stages were analyzed by qRT-PCR (second qRT-PCR). Most of the examined genes showed significantly higher levels of expressions during soldier differentiation. Y-axes indicate gene expression levels normalized based on the GAPDH expression. Experimental triplications were performed for all samples. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis used ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests.