Table 1

Diploid numbers, heterochromatin patterns and chromosome location of rDNA clusters and H3 histone gene in 31 Scarabaeinae species

Tribe

Chromosomal formula (males)

Overall heterochromatin distribution

45S rDNA

5S rDNA

H3 histone

References

Species

Aut

Sex

Aut

Sex

Aut

Sex

Ateuchini

Atheuchus sp.

16 = 7 + Xy

Pericentromeric blocks

4

-

2

-

This work

Canthonini

Canthon staigi

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2

-

2

-

This work

Deltochilum calcaratum

14 = 6 + neoXY

Pericentromeric blocks and diphasic chromosomes

4/6*

X/X, Y*

2

-

[26]; This work

D. elevatum

20 = 9 + Xy_p

2

-

2

-

This work

D. morbillosum

14 = 6 + neoXY

Pericentromeric blocks and diphasic chromosomes

4

X

[26]

D. verruciferum

20 = 9 +XY_p

Pericentromeric blocks and diphasic chromosomes

4

Y

2

-

2

-

This work

Coprini

Dichotomius affinis

18 = 8 + Xy_p

2

-

2

-

[28]

D. bos

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2

-

2

-

2

-

[28]

D. crinicollis

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2

X

2

-

2

-

[28]

D. depresicollis

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2

-

2

-

2

-

[28]

D. geminatus

18 = 8 +Xy_p

Pericentromeric and terminal blocks

4

-

2

-

2

-

[28,63]

D. laevicollis

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2

-

2

-

2

-

[28]

D. mormon

18 = 8 + Xy_p

3/4*

X/X*

2

-

[28]

D. aff mundus

18 = 8 + Xy_p

2

-

2

-

[28]

D. nisus

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

-

X, Y

2

-

2

-

[25,28]

D. semianeus

18 = 8 + Xy_p

-

X

2

-

[28]

D. semisquamosus

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2/2*

-/X*

2

-

2

-

[25,28]

D. sericeus

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric blocks

2

-

2

-

2

-

[25,28]

D. aff sericeus

18 = 8 + Xy_p

2

-

2

-

[28]

Dichotomius sp.

18 = 8 + Xy_p

2

-

2

-

[28]

Ontherus appendiculatus

20 = 9 + Xy_p

Pericentromeric and terminal blocks

2

-

2

-

This work

O. sulcator

20 = 9 + Xy_p

7/8*

-

This work

Oniticellini

Eurysternus caribaeus

8 = 3 + neoXY

Pericentromeric blocks

-

X, Y

-

X

-

X

[24]; This work

Gymnopleurini

Gymnopleurus sturmi

20 = 9 +Xy

Pericentromeric and subterminal blocks

4/5*

-

[22]

Onitini

Bubas bison

20 = 9 + XY

Pericentromeric and large terminal blocks

8

[23]

Onthophagini

Digitonthophagus gazella

20 = 9 + Xy_p/Xy/Xy_r

Pericentromeric blocks

2

-

2

-

This work

Phanaeini

Coprophanaeus cyanescens

20 = 9 + XY_p

Diphasic chromosomes

5/4*

-/X*

2

-

2

-

[27]; This work

C. ensifer

20 = 9 + XY

Diphasic chromosomes

15/10*

X/- *

-

X, Y

-

X, Y

[27]; This work

Diabroctis mimas

20 = 9 + Xy_p/Xy

Paracentromeric blocks and diphasic chromosomes

4/6*

X/X*

5

X

5

X

[21]; This work

Isocopris inhiata

18 = 8 + Xy_p

Peri- and paracentromeric blocks and diphasic chromosomes

2

-

[21]

Phanaeus splendidulus

20 = 9 + Xy_p

7

-

2

-

2

-

This work

The references provided in the table are related to results of heterochromatin distribution or chromosomal mapping of rDNAs and H3 histone genes.

* Indicates the presence of polymorphism, being the two conditions observed in the same species separated by (/); Empty boxes: not available data;

Cabral-de-Mello et al. BMC Genetics 2011 12:88   doi:10.1186/1471-2156-12-88