Research article
One nutritional symbiosis begat another: Phylogenetic evidence that the ant tribe Camponotini acquired Blochmannia by tending sap-feeding insects
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* Corresponding author: Jennifer J Wernegreen jwernegreen@mbl.edu
1 Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
2 Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
3 Department of Entomology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
4 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:292 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-292
Published: 16 December 2009Additional files
Additional file 1:
Database matches for 52 new bacterial 16S rDNA sequences obtained in this study. The vast majority of sequences most closely matched a published Blochmannia 16S rDNA sequence in NCBI (compared using BLASTn) and/or the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP; compared using SeqMatch).
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Additional file 2:
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of gamma-Proteobacteria, estimated from a region of the 16S rDNA gene. Within Blochmannia, taxa are labeled by the ant host from which the bacterial gene was amplified. The topology reflects the majority-rule consensus tree of 100 bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap values ≥70% are marked. (All unmarked nodes have bootstrap values of 50%-69%.)
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Additional file 3:
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Blochmannia, estimated without outgroups. Taxa are labeled by the ant host from which the bacterial gene was amplified. The topology reflects the majority-rule consensus tree of 100 bootstrap replicates. In this unrooted tree, only bootstrap values of deep nodes are marked. Otherwise, relationships resemble those in the fully-labeled rooted tree (see additional file 4).
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Additional file 4:
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Blochmannia, estimated with outgroups. Taxa are labeled by the ant host from which the bacterial gene was amplified. The topology reflects the majority-rule consensus tree of 100 bootstrap replicates. In this rooted tree, bootstrap values ≥70% are marked. (All unmarked nodes have bootstrap values of 50%-69%.) Outgroup taxa are four mealybug endosymbionts that we found to be the closest relatives to Blochmannia. Support for the monophyly of subgenus Colobopsis is 55%.
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Additional file 5:
MacClade file (nexus format) of the 16S rDNA sequence alignment analyzed here. Ambiguous (excluded) regions in the alignment are marked as character sets. Sequences used in phylogenetic analyses are marked as distinct taxon sets.
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