Figure 5.

Hypothetic framework(s) for understanding character evolution in warnowiid dinoflagellates as inferred from known morphological diversity and the molecular phylogenetic results of this study (partly after Greuet 1978). Darker grey cells are photosynthetic. Characters of interest are parsimoniously mapped onto the framework. Arrows refer to possible trajectories of character state lossess and transformations; where phylogenetic relationships are unknown, more than one possible transformation is indicated (e.g. the origin of pistons and anterior ocelloids from either a Proterythropsis-like ancestor or a Warnowia morphotype II-like ancestor).