|
Maximum (U) and minimum (L) time constrains (MYA) used for dating at nodes in Fig. 2 |
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| Node |
Constraint |
Reference information |
|
|
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| A |
L416 |
Psarolepis fossil (the earliest Sarcopterygii) from Ludlow (Silurian) [2]Lophosteus and Andreolepis fossils (the earliest Actinopterygii) from Ludlow (Silurian) [64] |
| A |
U528 |
Probable divergence time between chondrichthyans and osteichthyans (528 MYA), based on both fossils and molecules [58] |
| B |
L392 |
Stem-actinopterans known from the Givetian/Eifelian boundary [57] |
| B |
U450 |
Probable divergence time between sarcopterygians and actinopterygians (450 MYA), based on both fossils and molecules [6,58] |
| C |
L345 |
Tournasian Cosmoptychius as the earliest stem-group neopterygian [57] |
| C |
U392 |
Estimated divergence time between polypterids and actinopterans [57] |
| D |
L130 |
Protosephuru (paddlefish) from Hauterivian (Cretaceous) [57] |
| E |
L284 |
Brachydegma from early Permian [57] |
| F |
L136 |
Stem-hiodontid Yambiania from the Lower Cretaceous [57] |
| G |
L112 |
Osteoglossoid fossil from the Aptian (Cretaceous) [4] |
| H |
L151 |
Stem-elopomorph Elopsomolos from the Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) [57] |
| I |
L90 |
Albuloid fossil from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) [4] |
| J |
L50 |
Anguillid and congrid fossils from the Ypresian (Tertiary) [4] |
| K |
L146 |
Stem-ostariophysan Tischlingerichthys from Tithonian (Jurassic) [57] |
| L |
L57 |
Clupeid fossil from the Thanetian (Tertiary) [4] |
| M |
L50 |
Cyprinid fossil from the Ypresian (Tertiary) [4] |
| N |
L74 |
Esociform fossil from the Campanian (Cretaceous) [4] |
| O |
L94 |
Polymixiid fossil from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) [4] |
| P |
L50 |
Pleuronectiform fossil from the Ypresian (Tertiary) [4] |
| Q |
L98 |
Tetraodontiform fossil from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) [2] |
| R |
L32 |
Estimated divergence time between Takifugu and Tetraodon [2] |
Azuma et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:215 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-215 |
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