|
Free-living and symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria |
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| Division |
Selected species |
Selected symbiotic members |
Eucaryotic hosts |
Localisation within host |
References |
|
|
|
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| archeae |
Methanosarcinales |
Methanosarcina sp. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
--- |
[18] |
| Methanobacteriales |
Methanothermobacter sp. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
--- |
[19,20] |
|
| Methanobacterium sp. |
||||||
| bacteria |
Cyanobacteria |
Nostoc sp. |
Nostoc sp. |
Bryophytes (e.g. hornworts) |
extracellular (within cavities of the gametophyte) |
[79] |
| Anabaena sp. |
Anabaena sp. |
Pteridophytes (Azolla) |
extracellular (within cavities of the dorsal leaves) |
[80,85,88] |
||
| Trichodesmium sp. |
Cyanothece sp. |
Gymnosperms (cycads) |
extracellular (within coralloid roots) |
[81] |
||
| Synechococcus sp. |
Angiosperms (Gunnera) |
intracellular (within cells of the stem gland) |
[87] |
|||
| Cyanothece sp. |
Fungi (cyanolichens) |
extracellular (in cephalodia or in the thallus) |
[50,51] |
|||
| Diatoms (R. gibba) |
intracellular |
[97,102] |
||||
| Sponges (Dysidea spp.) |
extracellular |
[30,31] |
||||
| Actinobacteria |
Frankia sp. |
Frankia sp. |
Actinorhizal plants |
root-nodules |
[57] |
|
| Proteobacteria |
α: Sinorhizobium sp., Mesorhizobium sp. |
Bradyrhizobium sp. |
Legumes |
intracellular (in root-nodules) |
[63,64,68] |
|
| β: Azoarcus sp., Burkholderia sp. |
Rhizobium sp. |
Legumes |
intracellular (in root-nodules) |
|||
| γ: Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. |
Sinorhizobium sp. |
Legumes |
intracellular (in root-nodules) |
|||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae, Erwinia sp. |
Azorhizobium sp. |
Legumes |
intracellular (in root-nodules) |
|||
| δ: Gloeobacter sp., Desulfovibrio sp. |
Burkholderia sp. |
AM fungi |
intracellular |
[54] |
||
| Azospirillum sp. |
Grasses/nonleguminous crops |
extracellular (w/o nodulation) |
[76] |
|||
| Azoarcus sp. |
Grasses/nonleguminous crops |
inter- and intracellular (w/o nodulation) |
[77] |
|||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
nonleguminous crops |
extracellular |
[107] |
|||
| Firmicutes (Clostridia) |
Clostridium sp. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
--- |
[108] |
|
| Bacteroidetes/Chlorobiales |
Chlorobium sp. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
--- |
[109] |
|
| Spirochaetales |
Treponema sp. |
Treponema ZAS-9 |
Termites |
extracellular (in the hindgut) |
[43] |
|
| Chloroflexi |
Dehalococcoides sp. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
--- |
[110] |
|
|
Overview of nitrogen fixing bacteria, including selected symbiotic interactions, possible host organisms and symbiont localisation. Details of the individual symbiotic associations are described in the text. n.d.: not detected | ||||||
Kneip et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:55 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-55 |
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