|
Classification systems of Campanulaceae. All major intrafamilial subdivisions are included (level of subdivisions indicated by number of dashes) but only those genera sampled in this study are included. If sampled genera are not listed, the genus was not recognized by the author but, rather, was subsumed into one of the listed genera. |
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| A deCandolle |
AP deCandolle |
Schönland |
Federov |
Takhtajan |
Kovanda |
Kolakovsky |
| 1830 [3] |
1839 [53] |
1889 [45] |
1972 [5] |
1987 [2] |
1978 [1] |
1987 [4] |
|
|
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| Campanulaceae |
Campanulaceae |
Campanulaceae |
Campanulaceae |
Campanulaceae |
Campanulaceae |
Campanulaceae |
| -Subtribus I |
-Wahlenbergieae |
-Lobelioideae |
-Sphenocleoideae |
-Cyanantheae |
-Campanulinae |
-Prismatocarpoideae |
| Jasione |
Jasione |
-Cyphioideae |
-Campanuloideae |
Cyananthus |
Campanula |
Prismatocarpus |
| Codonopsis |
Platycodon |
-Campanuloideae |
--Campanuleae |
-Wahlenbergieae |
Symphyandra |
Roella |
| Platycodon |
Codonopsis |
--Pentaphragmeae |
Campanula |
Wahlenbergia |
Legousia |
-Canarinoideae |
| Wahlenbergia |
Wahlenbergia |
--Sphenocleae |
Symphyandra |
Edraianthus |
-Wahlenberginae |
-Wahlenbergoideae |
| Prismatocarpus |
Prismatocarpus |
--Campanuleae |
--Peracarpeae |
Jasione |
Wahlenbergia |
--Wahlenbergieae |
| Roella |
Roella |
Campanulinae |
--Ostrowskieae |
Codonopsis |
Codonopsis |
Jasione |
| -Subtribus II |
Edraianthus |
Symphyandra |
--Michauxieae |
Merciera |
Cyananthus |
Wahlenbergia |
| Petromarula |
-Campanuleae |
Trachelium |
--Phyteumateae |
Roella |
Roella |
Codonopsis |
| Campanula |
Petromarula |
Campanula |
Asyneuma |
Prismatocarpus |
Edraianthus |
Platycodon |
| Trachelium |
Campanula |
Wahlenberginae |
Legousia |
-Platycodoneae |
Jasione |
Cyananthus |
| Symphyandra |
Trachelium |
Cyananthus |
--Wahlenbergieae |
Platycodon |
-Platycodinae |
--Azorineae |
| Musschia |
Symphyandra |
Jasione |
Codonopsis |
Musschia |
Platycodon |
--Musschieae |
| -incertae sedis |
Musschia |
Prismatocarpus |
--Edraiantheae |
-Campanuleae |
Musschia |
|
| Merciera |
-Merciereae |
Merciera |
Edraianthus |
Campanula |
--Echinocodoneae |
|
| Merciera |
Edraianthus |
--Jasioneae |
Legousia |
--Annaea |
||
| Wahlenbergia |
Jasione |
Triodanis |
--Muehlbergelleae |
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| Codonopsis |
-Michauxieae |
--Theodorovieae |
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| Roella |
-Phyteumaeae |
--Gadellieae |
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| Platycodinae |
Asyneuma |
--Ostrowskieae |
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| Platycodon |
Trachelium |
-Campanuloideae |
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| Musschia |
Petromarula |
--Campanuleae |
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| -Peracarpeae |
Campanula |
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| Symphyandra |
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| Trachelium |
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| --Phyteumateae |
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| --Peracarpeae |
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| --Sergieae |
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| --Michauxieae |
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| --Neocodoneae |
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| Asyneuma |
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| Legousia |
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| --Edraiantheae |
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| Edraianthus |
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| --Sachokieleae |
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| --Mzymteleae |
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Cosner et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004 4:27 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-27 |
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