Research article
Gene flow and population structure in the Mexican blind cavefish complex (Astyanax mexicanus)
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* Corresponding author: Richard L Borowsky rb4@nyu.edu
1 Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, (Av. da República), Oeiras, (2780-157), Portugal
2 Biology Department, New York University, (100 Washington Square East), NYC, 10003, USA
3 Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, (150-T Dirac Science Library), Tallahassee, (32306-4120), USA
4 Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste La Paz, (Mar Bermejo #195), La Paz, (CP. 23090), Mexico
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:9 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-9
Published: 23 January 2012Additional files
Additional file 1:
Summary statistics for 26 microsatellite loci of Astyanax mexicanus populations. Table summarizing the microsatellite data. Mean sample size over all loci (n); Ap is the mean number of alleles per locus, expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, FIS. Bold FISvalues are estimates significantly different from zero after Bonferroni correction.
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Additional file 2:
MIGRATE-N 3.2.6, runtime conditions and methods. Summary of methods and conditions.
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Additional file 3:
Allelic frequencies of 26 microsatllite loci in the studied populations. Summary of allelic frequencies for all loci and all populations.
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Additional file 4:
A detailed hydrological map of the El Abra region. El Abra region map with the indication of surface and subsurface water divide. Points at, or near, base level (orange line) are indicated by solid circles; fish-inhabited pools by solid circles closer to the high water profile (blue dotted line) (adapted from Mitchell et al. 1977).
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Additional file 5:
Genetic isolation by distance. Results of the Mantel test for correlation between genetic distance (Fst/(1-Fst)) and geographic distance for populations of the El Abra region (O1 - O8) (R2 = 0.625, P = 0.01).
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Additional file 6:
Estimates of gene flow based on Bayesian inferences of migration rates and population sizes. Results of MIGRATE-N 3.2.6 on Astyanax mexicanus population clusters within each geographical region. Mutation scaled immigration rate, M, between different population groups. M is the ratio of the immigration rate over the mutation rate. The central box of the plots represents the values from the lower to upper quartile (25 to 75 percentile). The middle dot represents the median posterior values over all loci. The horizontal line extends from the 2.5% percentile to the 97.5% percentile. Populations compared are designated to the left of the boxes.
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Additional file 7:
Summary of the proposed models and conclusions of the paper. Proposed model with five independent origins of cave adapted Astyanax in NE Mexico as estimated by the data. The first wave of surface fish led to three independent subterranean invasion events establishing the "old" cave populations. The second wave gave rise to two independent invasions establishing "new" cave populations. The arrows signify that the ancestral stock moved into the area from the south but are not meant as specific routes.
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