Figure 4.

Mapping character evolution. Mapping character evolution for biogeographic range, where scaled likelihood of each character state is represented as pie graphics on the nodes (a) [80]. Ancestral range subdivision/inheritance biogeographic scenarios, where color on branches shows hypothesised scenario (b) [88,89]; unsolved branch-scenarios are coloured in red but then, scaled likelihood meaning either side of Bering Strait, thus Arctic and Atlantic vs. Pacific is provided. Character evolution is traced on the simplified Bayesian dated phylogenetic reconstruction (see Figure 2 and methods section). Note that F. distichus was analysed as either Atlantic and Pacific.