Figure 3.

Observed and expected allelic combinations. Bars represent allelic associations observed in 101 H. abdominalis individuals. The mean expected frequencies of allelic combinations were simulated based on empirical allele frequencies (see figure inset). Asterisks indicate significant deviations (p < 0.05) from the mean expectation (N = 10,000 permutations). None of these outliers remain significant after a sequential Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.