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Table 2
Examples of producible nonnative metabolites under conditions of maximized biomass production
Nonnative metabolites	Host network	By-product	No. of reaction(s)	Heterologous reaction(s)	EC number
Pentane-2,4-dione	E. coli, S. cerevisiae	Oxygen	1	Pentane-2,4-dione + oxygen ↔ acetate + methylglyoxal	1.13.11.50
	C. glutamicum	Oxygen	2	Glycerone phosphate ↔ methylglyoxal + orthophosphate	4.2.3.3
				Pentane-2,4-dione + oxygen ↔ acetate + methylglyoxal	1.13.11.50
Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy -benzaldehyde)	E. coli, C. glutamicum	Oxygen, NADH	4	Formaldehyde + NAD+ + H₂O ↔ formate + NADH + H⁺	1.2.1.46
				3-Dehydroshikimate ↔ 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O	4.2.1.118
Vanillate + oxygen + NADH + H⁺ ↔ 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD + + H₂O + formaldehyde	1.14.13.82
Vanillate + NAD+ + H2O ↔ 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde + oxygen + NADH + H⁺	1.2.3.9
(R)-Propane-1,2-diol	E. coli	NAD⁺	2	(R)-Lactaldehyde + NAD⁺ + H₂O ↔ (R)-lactate + NADH + H⁺	1.2.1.23
				(R)-Propane-1,2-diol + NAD⁺ ↔ (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H⁺	1.1.1.77
2-Propyn-1-al	S. cerevisiae	NAD⁺	3	3-Oxopropanoate ↔ acetaldehyde + CO₂	4.1.1.-
				3-Oxopropanoate ↔ propynoate + H₂O	4.2.1.27
				2-Propyn-1-al + NAD⁺ + H₂O ↔ propynoate + NADH + H⁺	1.2.1.3
Adipate semialdehyde	E. coli	NADP+	6	Succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA ↔ CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA	2.3.1.174
				(3 S)-3-Hydroxyadipyl-CoA + NAD⁺ ↔ 3-Oxoadipyl-CoA + NADH + H⁺	1.1.1.35
				5-Carboxy-2-pentenoyl-CoA + H2O ↔ (3 S)-3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA	4.2.1.17
				Adipyl-CoA + FAD ↔ 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-CoA + FADH₂	1.3.99.-
				Adipate + CoA + ATP ↔ Adipyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate	6.2.1.-
				Adipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H₂O ↔ adipate + NADPH + H⁺	1.2.1.4

Chatsurachai et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2012 13:93 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-93

Table 2