The hope of progress' is the title of a book of essays [1] by Peter Medawar, who believed in the contribution of science to human society, and won the Nobel Prize in 1960, with Frank McFarlane Burnet, for fundamental contributions to immunology. We have adopted it as the title for a series of reviews on the contributions of basic biological research to clinical problems, from the quest for new drugs and new drug targets, to new approaches to the understanding of complex disease. 1. Medawar PB: The Hope of Progress 1972, Methuen, London.
Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccine
Oral vaccines, whether living or non-living, viral or bacterial, elicit diminished immune responses or have lower efficacy in developing countries than in developed countries. Here I describe studies with a li...