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Long Term Care Environments

Guest Editors:
Gary MitchellQueen’s University Belfast, UK
Hilde VerbeekMaastricht University, Netherlands

This collection is no longer accepting submissions.


BMC Geriatrics is calling for submissions to our Collection on Long-Term Care Environments. Long-term care environments may include the home, the community, assisted living facilities, care homes or any facility where people receive long-term care. We are interested in evidence pertaining to physical, social and organisational aspects of the long-term care environment.

Meet the Guest Editors

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Gary MitchellQueen’s University Belfast, UK

Dr. Gary Mitchell is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Nursing & Midwifery at Queen’s University Belfast in Northern Ireland.  He is a registered nurse with significant clinical and academic experience in caring for older people in long-term care environments.  Dr Mitchell is also a former ‘Nurse of the Year’ recipient and holds the title of Queen’s Nurse.

Hilde VerbeekMaastricht University, Netherlands
Prof. Hilde Verbeek is Professor of Long-Term Care Environments at Maastricht University and the vice-chair of the Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term care, a structural and interdisciplinary partnership between 9 long-term care organisations, 2 vocational training institutes, Zuyd University of Applied Science and Maastricht University. It aims to improve the quality of life, quality of care and quality of work in long-term care through scientific research. With her research, she investigates innovative long-term care settings and aims to disentangle environmental working mechanisms on daily life for older people and their caregivers.

About the collection

BMC Geriatrics is calling for submissions to our Collection on Long Term Care Environments.

Supported by a cultural change movement, a fundamental shift in thinking about long-term care environments has emerged. Long-term care environments may include the home, the community, assisted living facilities, care homes or any facility where people receive long-term care.  While long-term care may be needed by people of any age, it is much more commonly required for older people who are increasingly living with complex conditions.

Within this collection at BMC Geriatrics, we are interested in attracting a wide range of submissions which focus on long-term care environments.  We are interested in evidence pertaining to physical, social and organisational aspects of the long-term care environment as noted below, however submissions do not need to be strictly limited to these.

  • Physical aspects, such as the architecture, lay-out, sensory elements, interior and outdoor areas;
  • Social aspects, that is the interactions with others, including residents, staff, family but also relations with the wider community and social context (e.g., local entrepreneurs, societies, and schools).
  • Organizational aspects, including the organization of care, clinical education, service delivery, and  organizational culture (e.g., values, expectations, attitudes that guide behavior of staff working in long-term care).

More knowledge is imperative regarding the environmental working mechanisms and their impact on daily functioning and well being of those living, working and visiting long-term care environments. Innovative, alternative care environments are being developed, that have radically changed the long-term care environment, such as dementia villages, green care farms, small-scale, homelike care environments. Understanding of the changing role of staff is warranted, how to support remaining capacities and support their autonomy. How can a partnership with family be realized to provide person-centered and tailor made care? Technology could play a role in realizing a caring environment, for example by using AI supported approaches to care.

The special issue welcomes primary research, review papers, quality improvement studies adhering to the SQUIRE 2.0 reporting framework and other studies contributing to the knowledge base of innovation in long-term care, presenting evidence from cutting edge studies advancing our understanding of long-term care environments and contributing to a system redesign in long-term care.  Within this collection we will also accept a small number of discursive commentaries which are able to progress international understanding about physical, social and organizational aspects of long-term care environments.

  1. Improving the quality and safety of care transitions is a priority in many countries. Carrying out performance measurements play a significant role in improving quality of decisions undertaken by different act...

    Authors: Estera Wieczorek, Ewa Kocot, Silvia Evers, Christoph Sowada and Milena Pavlova
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:760
  2. Regarding the care of older adults, 24-h home-care represents a cornerstone, with > 32,000 service users in Austria. Our research project 24hQuAALity aimed to develop and evaluate a distributed client-server soft...

    Authors: Elisabeth Haslinger-Baumann, Peter Putz, Carina Hauser, Elisabeth Kupka-Klepsch, Nadine Sturm and Franz Werner
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:750
  3. It is essential to assess the need for palliative care and the life prognosis of elderly nursing home residents with an advanced chronic condition, and the NECPAL ICO-CCOMS©4.0 prognostic instrument may be ade...

    Authors: Ana Alejandra Esteban-Burgos, César Hueso-Montoro, Emilio Mota-Romero, Rafael Montoya-Juarez, Xavier Gomez-Batiste and María Paz Garcia-Caro
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:715
  4. Staff working in long-term care (LTC) homes during COVID-19 frequently reported a lack of communication, collaboration, and teamwork, all of which are associated with staff dissatisfaction, health concerns, la...

    Authors: Katherine S McGilton, Alexandra Krassikova, Aria Wills, Jennifer Bethell, Veronique Boscart, Astrid Escrig-Pinol, Andrea Iaboni, Shirin Vellani, Colleen Maxwell, Margaret Keatings, Steven C. Stewart and Souraya Sidani
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:713
  5. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was used to understand and analyze the health status and health needs of the elderly in the community. The cluster analysis method was used to explore the relationship b...

    Authors: Liu Yang, Quan Zhou, Congzhi Wang, Dongmei Zhang, Ting Yuan, Xiaoping Li, Yunxiao Lei and Lin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:638
  6. The COVID-19 pandemic has devastatingly affected Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF), exposing aging people, staff members, and visitors. The world has learned through the pandemic and lessons can be taken to ado...

    Authors: Helga Rafael Henriques, Diana Sousa, José Faria, Joana Pinto, Andreia Costa, Maria Adriana Henriques and Maria Cândida Durão
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:618
  7. With an aging population and the influence of traditional culture, the number of disabled older adults at home is increasing. Meanwhile, their care needs are also increasing. The cooperation between family and...

    Authors: Peng Wang, Meilan Niu, Ying Chen, Shanshan Wang, Chuqiao Wu, Di Zhao, Panpan Wang, Huashan Yang and Panpan Guo
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:609
  8. The population aging, together with the shrinking caring potential of families, is a major challenge for social policy in the coming years. The aim of the study is to identify the factors that determine not on...

    Authors: Małgorzata Wrotek and Małgorzata Kalbarczyk
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:512
  9. Within long-term care, a culture change (e.g. focus on increasing autonomy in everyday life) is leading to the development of innovative living arrangements for older adults. Insight into characteristics of in...

    Authors: Mara Brouwers, Damien S.E. Broekharst, Bram de Boer, Wim G. Groen and Hilde Verbeek
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:442
  10. The aim of this study is to 1) explore the experiences of people living with dementia interacting with DFCs and 2) identify factors that influence empower and support people living with dementia to live succes...

    Authors: Stephanie Craig, Gary Mitchell, Peter O’ Halloran, Patrick Stark and Christine Brown Wilson
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:361
  11. Care workers in nursing homes often perform tasks that are rather related to organizational or management activities than ‘direct patient care’. ‘Indirect care activities’, such as documentation or other admin...

    Authors: Dietmar Ausserhofer, Waltraud Tappeiner, Heike Wieser, Christine Serdaly, Michael Simon, Franziska Zúñiga and Lauriane Favez
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:347
  12. This study aimed to explore the association between adherence of collaborative care model and short-term deterioration of BPSD after controlling patient and caregiver factors.

    Authors: Yu-Hsuan Hung, Wen-Fu Wang, Ming-Che Chang and Kai-Ming Jhang
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:339
  13. Properly understanding the health information of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the basis for better risk factor management, which also positively affects their quality of life. The aim of this...

    Authors: Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Katekaew Seangpraw, Sorawit Boonyathee, Nisarat Auttama and Prakaipetch Winaiprasert
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:297
  14. Older adults with physical disability need long-term services and support, which incur enormous costs. However, supportive environments may reduce disability and promote aging in place. It is unclear how the p...

    Authors: Shuai Fang, Hong Liang and Yan Liang
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:285
  15. There is some evidence to suggest that animal-assisted interventions can have beneficial impact for residents in long-term care, but the focus of the evidence has largely been on behavioural and psychosocial m...

    Authors: Noreen Orr, Rebecca Abbott, Alison Bethel, Sarah Paviour, Rebecca Whear, Ruth Garside and Joanna Thompson Coon
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:170
  16. Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis following a stress. Early diagnosis and intervention of frailty are essential to prevent its adverse outcomes. However, simple di...

    Authors: Mitsutaka Yakabe, Koji Shibasaki, Tatsuya Hosoi, Shoya Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Hoshi, Masahiro Akishita and Sumito Ogawa
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:157
  17. Nursing home (NH) residents’ experiences are embedded within their relationships to others. Our objectives were to describe how residents and care partners (family or staff members) jointly construct, discuss,...

    Authors: Andrea Gruneir, Matthias Hoben, Adam Easterbrook, Charlotte Jensen, Monica Buencamino, Jaclyn Tompalski, Stephanie A. Chamberlain, Sadaf Ekhlas, Gillian Bever, Ruth Murphy, Carole A. Estabrooks, Janice Keefe and Sheila Marshall
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:133
  18. Ageing in place is the preferred choice for most older adults worldwide. The role of the family as a core care resource has diminished as a result of changes in family structure, thus extending the responsibil...

    Authors: Feng Xiao, Songmei Cao, Mingzhao Xiao, Liling Xie and Qinghua Zhao
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:117
  19. Studies revealed that supporting residents fulfilling self-determination is positively associated with their health, wellbeing and quality of life. Cross-cultural care poses significant challenges for nursing ...

    Authors: Lily Xiao, Carolyn Gregoric, Sue Gordon, Shahid Ullah, Ian Goodwin-Smith, Eimear Muir-Cochrane and Sara Blunt
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:81
  20. Falls are common among older people in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Falls cause considerable morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life. Of numerous interventional studies of fall prevention interv...

    Authors: Neah Albasha, Leanne Ahern, Lauren O’Mahony, Ruth McCullagh, Nicola Cornally, Sheena McHugh and Suzanne Timmons
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2023 23:47
  21. In nursing homes, food is part of the care provided to residents, causing it to be strictly organised within the institutional framework. Moreover, once food has been integrated into the institutional logic, s...

    Authors: Doreen Stöhr, Hanna Mayer and Eva Soom Ammann
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:992
  22. The unmet needs of older adults in nursing homes could result in their poor health status physically and psychologically. The aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of unmet needs of older adu...

    Authors: Deqin Huang, Tieying Zeng, Jing Mao, Meizhen Zhao and Meiliyang Wu
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:989
  23. Population aging has become an escalating issue in China resulting in increasing healthcare demand. Smart senior care has the potential to help older adults live independently and relieve the pressure of healt...

    Authors: Qiyuan Huang, Ying Li, Xiang Wu, Song Ge, Zhe Qu, Aming Wang and Xianping Tang
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:967
  24. Poor nutrition is a common ongoing problem in long-term residential care, often resulting in reduced quality of life. Previous research has concluded that the content of the meal, dining environment, service s...

    Authors: Megan Davies, Franziska Zúñiga, Hilde Verbeek and Sandra Staudacher
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:963
  25. As care homes play an important role in the lives of an increasing number of older people, it is pivotal to understand how residents’ and their families engage in decision-making about their care and support. ...

    Authors: Brighide Lynch, Assumpta A. Ryan, Marie O’Neill and Sarah Penney
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:873
  26. A limited amount of research has examined how nature-based palliative rehabilitation can be implemented in nursing homes for people with dementia, even though evidence suggests that these gardens are underused...

    Authors: Tanja Schmidt, Marie Christoffersen Gramkow, Dorthe Varning Poulsen, Louise Holm Miller, Lene Wermuth and Ulrika K. Stigsdotter
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:819
  27. Situations of extreme challenging behavior such as very frequent and/or severe agitation or physical aggression in nursing home residents with dementia can be experienced as an impasse by nursing home staff an...

    Authors: Annelies E. Veldwijk-Rouwenhorst, Sytse U. Zuidema, Martin Smalbrugge, Anke Persoon, Raymond T. C. M. Koopmans and Debby L. Gerritsen
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:758
  28. Over the successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, front-line care workers (FLCWs) —in this case, at long-term care facilities (LTCFs)— have been the backbone of the fight. The COVID-19 pandemic has dispropor...

    Authors: Idrissa Beogo, Nebila Jean-Claude Bationo, Drissa Sia, Stephanie Collin, Babou Kinkumba Ramazani, Aurée-Anne Létourneau, Jean Ramdé, Marie-Pierre Gagnon and Eric Nguemeleu Tchouaket
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:727
  29. The COVID-19 pandemic has required restrictions of daily activities, which has been found to impact the lives of persons living with dementia (PLWDs) and their family caregivers, who have multiple care demands...

    Authors: Ya-Li Sung, Huei-Ling Huang, Chung-Chih Lin, Teppo Kröger, Wen-Chuin Hsu, Jung-Lung Hsu, Yueh-E. Lin and Yea-Ing L. Shyu
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:697
  30. Family and friend caregivers play significant roles in advocating for and ensuring quality health and social care of residents in Assisted Living (AL) homes. However, little is known about how the COVID-19 pan...

    Authors: Natasha E. Lane, Matthias Hoben, Joseph E. Amuah, David B. Hogan, Jennifer Baumbusch, Andrea Gruneir, Stephanie A. Chamberlain, Lauren E. Griffith, Kimberlyn M. McGrail, Kyle Corbett and Colleen J. Maxwell
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:662
  31. Family carers of persons living with dementia who are residing in long term care (LTC), often experience significant changes in their roles and relationships which affects mental and physical health. Research ...

    Authors: Wendy Duggleby, Hannah M. O’Rourke, Pamela Baxter, Cheryl Nekolaichuk, Genevieve Thompson, Shelley Peacock, Sunita Ghosh, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Carrie McAiney, Véronique Dubé, Jennifer Swindle, Madeleine Pagnucco-Renaud and Samina Sana
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:551
  32. Mobile X-ray services (MXS) could be used to investigate clinical issues in aged care residents within familiar surroundings, reducing transfers to and from emergency departments and enabling healthcare to be ...

    Authors: Joanne Dollard, Jane Edwards, Lalit Yadav, Virginie Gaget, David Tivey, Maria Inacio, Guy Maddern and Renuka Visvanathan
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:525
  33. To evaluate the established interventions used for older adults, it is appropriate to use validated questionnaires for quality-of-life assessment. For older people, it is suitable to use specific questionnaire...

    Authors: Radka Bužgová, Radka Kozáková, Renáta Zeleníková and Katka Bobčíková
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:512
  34. Emergency department (ED) use among nursing home (NH) residents is an internationally-shared issue that is understudied in Italy. The long term care in Italy is part of the health system. This study aimed to a...

    Authors: Gianmarco Giacomini, Ettore Minutiello, Gianfranco Politano, Marco Dalmasso, Beatrice Albanesi, Sara Campagna and Maria Michela Gianino
    Citation: BMC Geriatrics 2022 22:418

Submission Guidelines

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This Collection welcomes submission of Research Articles. Before submitting your manuscript, please ensure you have read our submission guidelines. Articles for this Collection should be submitted via our submission system, Snapp. During the submission process you will be asked whether you are submitting to a Collection, please select "Long Term Care Environments" from the dropdown menu.

Articles will undergo the journal’s standard peer-review process and are subject to all of the journal’s standard policies. Articles will be added to the Collection as they are published.

The Guest Editors have no competing interests with the submissions which they handle through the peer review process. The peer review of any submissions for which the Guest Editors have competing interests is handled by another Editorial Board Member who has no competing interests.