Skip to main content

Economic evaluation in implementation science

Collection published in Implementation Science, Implementation Science Communications

Organized by Heather T. Gold, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA; Gila Neta, National Cancer Institute, USA; Todd Wagner, Stanford University, USA

New Content ItemEconomic evaluation compares the costs and benefits among distinct courses of action. Understanding the costs of evidence-based practices (e.g., interventions, policies, programs, tools) and the associated efforts that ensure their delivery and sustainment is critical for decision makers. Although many implementation science frameworks include costs as a key construct, relatively little guidance exists on how best to measure and analyse costs within these frameworks, where there may be a narrower perspective, a short time horizon, or important contextual factors. This collection of papers in Implementation Science and Implementation Science Communications considers key issues in economic evaluation in implementation science and highlights approaches and examples to inform the field.

The collection is designed to bridge the fields of implementation science, health services research, and health economics to create a shared understanding of disciplinary overlap, enhance and inform research collaborations, and improve the state of the field and hence comparisons across implementation studies for informed decision making. Given that costs are often a perceived barrier to implementing new evidence-based interventions, greater understanding of costs and economic evaluation more generally may help optimize uptake of evidence-based implementation strategies and interventions.

This collection of papers has been funded in part by the United States National Cancer Institute and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.

Articles have undergone each journal’s standard peer-review process it was submitted and accepted in, and the participating journal Editors declare no competing interests. Further articles will be added in due course following peer review.

Read the associated blog: Building capacity for economic evaluation in implementation science


  1. Evidence-based practices (EBPs) are frequently adapted in response to the dynamic contexts in which they are implemented. Adaptation is defined as the degree to which an EBP is altered to fit the setting or to...

    Authors: Ramzi G. Salloum, Todd H. Wagner, Amanda M. Midboe, Sarah I. Daniels, Andrew Quanbeck and David A. Chambers
    Citation: Implementation Science Communications 2022 3:100
  2. The process of implementing evidence-based interventions, programs, and policies is difficult and complex. Planning for implementation is critical and likely plays a key role in the long-term impact and sustai...

    Authors: Natalie Riva Smith, Kathleen E. Knocke and Kristen Hassmiller Lich
    Citation: Implementation Science Communications 2022 3:83
  3. Economic evaluations of the implementation of health-related evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are conducted infrequently and, when performed, often use a limited set of quantitative methods to estimate the ...

    Authors: Meghan C. O’Leary, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Leah Frerichs, Jennifer Leeman, Daniel S. Reuland and Stephanie B. Wheeler
    Citation: Implementation Science 2022 17:27
  4. Economic evaluations frequently are utilized to compare the value of different interventions in medicine and health in concrete terms. Implementation science also would benefit from the incorporation of econom...

    Authors: Lisa Saldana, Debra P. Ritzwoller, Mark Campbell and Eryn Piper Block
    Citation: Implementation Science Communications 2022 3:40
  5. Understanding the costs and economic benefits of implementation has been identified by policymakers and researchers as critical to increase the uptake and sustainment of evidence-based practices, but this topi...

    Authors: Miya L. Barnett, Nicole A. Stadnick, Enola K. Proctor, Alex R. Dopp and Lisa Saldana
    Citation: Implementation Science Communications 2021 2:133

    The Letter to the Editor to this article has been published in Implementation Science Communications 2022 3:14

  6. Understanding the resources needed to achieve desired implementation and effectiveness outcomes is essential to implementing and sustaining evidence-based practices (EBPs). Despite this frequent observation, c...

    Authors: Andria B. Eisman, Andrew Quanbeck, Mark Bounthavong, Laura Panattoni and Russell E. Glasgow
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:75
  7. Implementation researchers are increasingly using economic evaluation to explore the benefits produced by implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in healthcare settings. However, the findings of typical e...

    Authors: Alex R. Dopp, Suzanne E. U. Kerns, Laura Panattoni, Jeanne S. Ringel, Daniel Eisenberg, Byron J. Powell, Roger Low and Ramesh Raghavan
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:66