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	1.	Research A flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin prevents flea transmission of Bartonella henselae in cats Michael R Lappin, Wendell L Davis, Jennifer R Hawley, Melissa Brewer, Arianne Morris, Dorothee Stanneck Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:26 (25 January 2013) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Ctenocephalides felis is a vector for Bartonella henselae and the organism can live in flea frass for at least 9 days. Wearing a collar containing imidacloprid and moxidectin blocked B. henselae infection amongst cats for 8 months. Image: Adult Ctenocephalides felis and frass.
	2.	Research *Efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin against Caparinia tripilis* in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)** Kyu-Rim Kim, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Dae-Sung Oh, Sung-Shik Shin Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:158 (7 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The efficacy and safety of a combination formulation of 10% imidacloprid + 1.0% moxidectin spot-on were tested in 40 African pygmy hedgehogs, naturally infested with Caparinia tripilis. The dosage level of 0.1 ml/Kg, which corresponded to the recommended dosage level for cat, was also effective for the control of the mite infestation in hedgehogs. Image: Self-trauma of a hedgehog due to Caparinia infestation.
	3.	Review Heartworms, macrocyclic lactones, and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States Dwight D Bowman Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:138 (9 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A historical background related to some of the concerns surrounding the potential development of resistance of the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, to macrocyclic lactone preventives. Image: The specter of heartworm resistance in the USA.
	4.	Research *First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda* in Portugal** Lisete Vieira, Filipa T Rodrigues, Álvaro Costa, Duarte Diz-Lopes, João Machado, Teresa Coutinho, Joana Tuna, Maria Latrofa, Luís Cardoso, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:124 (21 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary From July to November 2011, nine dogs with ocular discharge and conjunctivitis were detected with eyeworms, Thelazia callipaeda, at two veterinary clinics in the cities of Chaves and Braganca (northern Portugal). Image: Several Thelazia callipaeda nematodes in the conjunctiva of a dog.
	5.	Short report Tongue nodules in canine leishmaniosis — a case report Carlos Viegas, João Requicha, Carlos Albuquerque, Teresa Sargo, João Machado, Isabel Dias, Maria A Pires, Lenea Campino, Luís Cardoso Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:120 (15 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A clinical case of tongue soft nodules containing Leishmania amastigotes is described in a 3-year-old neutered female Labrador Retriever dog with a diagnosis of leishmaniosis carried out two years previously. Image: Reddish nodular lesions on the rostral portion of the tongue before treatment.
	6.	Research *Detection of Leishmania infantum* DNA mainly in Rhipicephalus sanguineus male ticks removed from dogs living in endemic areas of canine leishmaniosis** Laia Solano-Gallego, Luca Rossi, Anna Scroccaro, Fabrizio Montarsi, Marco Caldin, Tommaso Furlanello, Michele Trotta Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:98 (21 May 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study describes a high prevalence of L. infantum DNA in R. sanguineus ticks removed from L. infantum seropositive and seronegative dogs. The presence of L. infantum DNA was detected mainly in male ticks. Image: Male tick from dog.
	7.	Research *Molecular xenomonitoring of Dirofilaria immitis* and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from north-eastern Italy by real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis** Maria Latrofa, Fabrizio Montarsi, Silvia Ciocchetta, Giada Annoscia, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Silvia Ravagnan, Gioia Capelli, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:76 (20 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary This study shown the specificity of real-time PCR assay coupled with melting curve analysis for detection and delineation between Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in naturally infected mosquitoes. Image: Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis, Aedes vexans specimens and representative melting curve analysis.
	8.	Short report First report of venereal and vertical transmission of canine leishmaniosis from naturally infected dogs in Germany Torsten J Naucke, Susanne Lorentz Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:67 (1 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary We report a case of canine leishmaniosis in a female boxer dog from central Germany, an area without the presence of sandflies. The infection was acquired venerally and transmitted vertically to one puppy of the next generation. Image: An IFAT, positive for Leishmania infantum.
	9.	Research Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Leishmania infantum in apparently healthy and CVBD-suspect dogs in Portugal - a national serological study Luís Cardoso, Cláudio Mendão, Luís Madeira de Carvalho Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:62 (27 March 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Seroprevalence of infection with or exposure to Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Leishmania infantum was assessed in dogs from Portugal. Results are expected to give veterinarians and public health authorities an increased awareness on canine vector-borne diseases and to promote control actions. Image: Map of Portugal over vector arthropods and agents of canine vector-borne diseases.
	10.	Research *Occurrence and identification of risk areas of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: a cost-effectiveness analysis in north-eastern Italy* Gioia Capelli, Silvia Ravagnan, Fabrizio Montarsi, Silvia Ciocchetta, Stefania Cazzin, Elena Porcellato, Amira Babiker, Rudi Cassini, Annalisa Salviato, Giovanni Cattoli, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:61 (27 March 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The scenario of pathogens transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus was determined in north-eastern Italy. Three sampling strategies were evaluated a-posteriori, and the impact of each strategy on the final results and the overall cost reductions were analyzed. Image: Ixodes ricinus, questing adults.
	11.	Research *Current situation of Leishmania infantum* infection in shelter dogs in northern Spain** Guadalupe Miró, Rocío Checa, Ana Montoya, Leticia Hernández, Diana Dado, Rosa Gálvez Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:60 (27 March 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies to L. infantum among stray dogs living in shelters in the north of Spain. This area has been considered a non-endemic area for canine leishmaniosis up to date. Image: The dogs included in the study live outdoors where they were exposed to the bites of hematophagous arthropods including phlebotomine sand flies.
	12.	Letter to the Editor Vector-Borne Diseases - constant challenge for practicing veterinarians: recommendations from the CVBD World Forum Gad Baneth, Patrick Bourdeau, Gilles Bourdoiseau, Dwight Bowman, Edward Breitschwerdt, Gioia Capelli, Luís Cardoso, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Michael Day, Jean-Pierre Dedet, Gerhard Dobler, Lluís Ferrer, Peter Irwin, Volkhard Kempf, Babara Kohn, Michael Lappin, Susan Little, Ricardo Maggi, Guadalupe Miró, Torsten Naucke, Gaetano Oliva, Domenico Otranto, Banie Penzhorn, Martin Pfeffer, Xavier Roura, Angel Sainz, Susan Shaw, SungShik Shin, Laia Solano-Gallego, Reinhard Straubinger et al. Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:55 (20 March 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The Canine Vector-Borne Diseases (CVBD) World Forum is a multidisciplinary group of experts from around the world who meet annually to share the latest advances in the knowledge of CVBDs. From advice on education and diagnosis to prevention and public health, the members of the CVBD World Forum have sought to empower veterinarians through recommendations focused on the day-to-day opportunities veterinarians have to play their part in protecting their clients and communities from the threat of CVBDs. Image: Ixodes spp.
	13.	Research *Efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis* flea strain infesting cats** Michael W Dryden, Patricia A Payne, Vicki Smith, Joe Hostetler Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:174 (13 September 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary This paper describes the results of two studies where the initial and residual speed of kill of an imidacloprid + moxidectin and a selamectin topical formulation were evaluated against the KS1 cat flea strain. Image: Cat with flea allergy dermatitis.
	14.	Research Thelazia callipaeda: infection in dogs: a new parasite for Spain Guadalupe Miró, Ana Montoya, Leticia Hernández, Diana Dado, María Vázquez, Marta Benito, Manuel Villagrasa, Emanuelle Brianti, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:148 (27 July 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary This study describes the first autochthonous cases of infection by Thelazia callipaeda in dogs from central western Spain where the first case of eyeworm infection was reported. Based on the high infection prevalence recorded, 39.9%, the potential public health risk to humans from this region is discussed. Image: One free eyeworm visible in a dog from Spain with oedema and severe chemosis, diagnosed with ocular thelaziosis
	15.	Research Hippobosca longipennis - a potential intermediate host of a species of Acanthocheilonema in dogs in northern India Puteri Azaziah Megat Abd Rani, Glen T Coleman, Peter J Irwin, Rebecca J Traub Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:143 (22 July 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study confirmed biological involvement of Hippobosca longipennis for Acanthocheilonema sp. nov.? in northern India and its role as an intermediate host is proposed.Image: A puppy in Ladakh infested with biting fly, Hippobosca longipennis.
	16.	Research A survey of canine tick-borne diseases in India Puteri Azaziah Abd Rani, Peter J Irwin, Glen T Coleman, Mukulesh Gatne, Rebecca J Traub Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:141 (19 July 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary This study showed most prevalent canine TBD pathogen was Hepatozoon canis, and co-infections between blood pathogens are common in dogs in India. This warrants increased awareness among local veterinarians. Image:Hepatozoon gamont in a neutrophil from canine peripheral blood smear.
	17.	Review Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae Gerhard Dobler, Martin Pfeffer Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:139 (18 July 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Many different flea species are parasitizing dogs and wild canids world-wide. Many of them can transmit zoonotic bacteria including Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. The growing importance of these pathogens warrants an update of the current literature. Image: Fleas are conquering the dogs of the world.
	18.	Review LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis Laia Solano-Gallego, Guadalupe Miró, Alek Koutinas, Luis Cardoso, Maria Pennisi, Luis Ferrer, Patrick Bourdeau, Gaetano Oliva, Gad Baneth Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:86 (20 May 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Canine leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum is a major global zoonosis. This publication includes the LeishVet’s group current consensus recommendations for standardized and rational approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, control and prevention of canine leishmaniosis. These graphically displayed recommendations summarize recent evidence-based literature combined with extensive clinical experience. Image: Cutaneous lesions including exfoliative periocular alopecia in a dog with clinical leishmaniosis.
	19.	Review Tick-borne encephalitis virus in dogs - is this an issue? Martin Pfeffer, Gerhard Dobler Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:59 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is geographically spreading and emerging in many regions in Eurasia. Dogs are accidental hosts not capable of further spreading TBE virus but they readily seroconvert upon infection. Clinical disease used to be a rare finding but the number such reports is increasing. This warrants an update on the epidemiology, clinical presentation and possible prevention of TBE in the dog. Image: Transmission of TBE virus to a dog via the bite of an Ixodes tick.
	20.	Research Canine leishmaniosis and its relationship to human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Uzbekistan Dmitriy A Kovalenko, Shavkat A Razakov, Evgeny N Ponirovsky, Alon Warburg, Rokhat M Nasyrova, Valentina I Ponomareva, Aziza A Fatullaeva, Abdelmajeed Nasereddin, Eyal Klement, Mohammad Z Alam, Lionel F Schnur, Charles L Jaffe, Gabriele Schönian, Gad Baneth Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:58 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A survey of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Uzbekistan revealed a high infection of dogs with a unique strain of Leishmania infantum also found to infect humans in the same region in Central Asia. Image: A dog surveyed for leishmaniasis in the village of Chodak, Eastern Uzbekistan.
	21.	Short report Canine leishmaniasis: the key points for qPCR result interpretation Verónica Martínez, Javier Quilez, Armand Sanchez, Xavier Roura, Olga Francino, Laura Altet Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:57 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Diagnosis and follow up of CanL is difficult because clinical signs are varied and seroprevalence is high in endemic areas. This study demonstrates the advantages of Leishmania qPCR to diagnose and control CanL, highlights its prognostic value and proposes guidelines for tissue selection and infection monitoring. Image: Blood is a valid tissue for CanL qPCR diagnosis and infection monitoring.
	22.	Research *Diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis* in young dogs by cytology and PCR** Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Stefania Weigl, Maria Latrofa, Dorothee Stanneck, Donato Decaprariis, Gioia Capelli, Gad Baneth Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:55 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study evaluated the best method to achieve a parasitological diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis in a population of receptive young dogs infested by R. sanguineus. Image: Gamont of Hepatozoon canis in a leukocyte.
	23.	Review Adhesion and host cell modulation: critical pathogenicity determinants of Bartonella henselae Bettina Franz, Volkhard AJ Kempf Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:54 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This article reviews known and assumed pathogenicity factors of Bartonella henselae, the aetiological agent of cat scratch disease and vasculoproliferative disorders in humans. Image: The long and hairy surface structures representing Bartonella adhesin A, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin of 240 nm in length.
	24.	Review Major prospects for exploring canine vector borne diseases and novel intervention methods using 'omic technologies Robin B Gasser, Cinzia Cantacessi, Bronwyn E Campbell, Andreas Hofmann, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:53 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Advances in –omics provides unique opportunities to study neglected canine vector-borne diseases. A profound understanding of these diseases at the molecular level should lead to radically new control methods. Image: Exploring the host-parasite-vector interplay and leishmaniasis using ‘omic tools.
	25.	Research *Infectivity to Phlebotomus perniciosus* of dogs naturally parasitized with Leishmania infantum after different treatments** Guadalupe Miró, Rosa Gálvez, Cristeta Fraile, Miguel A Descalzo, Ricardo Molina Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:52 (13 April 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Evaluation through direct xenodiagnosis the infectivity to Phlebotomus perniciosus of dogs naturally parasitized with Leishmania infantum after treatment, and to follow the clinical and parasitic course of disease. Image: A female of Phlebotomus perniciosus feeding on a dog´s nostril.