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Medicine for Global Health

Guest Editors: Raymond Hutubessy and Gretchen Birbeck

Collection published: 14 March 2013

Last updated: 18 September 2013

Improvements to medical practice and delivery of treatment has been the focus of many international collaborations aiming to address the global burden of disease. Delivering appropriate health care, as well as implementation of research in low-and-middle-income countries, is compounded by resource allocation issues. Vulnerable populations continue to be seriously affected by non-communicable and infectious diseases including neglected tropical diseases, while complications during pregnancy and childbirth in these regions leave mothers and infants at risk of severe disability or death. These are ethical as well as medical problems, as many of these outcomes are preventable.

To focus on the public health initiatives, the development of health care policies and evidence-based guidelines, in addition to research into the control and treatment of diseases, BMC Medicine has launched an article collection on Medicine for Global Health. If you would like your latest research or reviews to be considered, please send a pre-submission query to bmcmedicineeditorial@biomedcentral.com.

		Research article Comparing sociocultural features of cholera in three endemic African settings Christian Schaetti, Neisha Sundaram, Sonja Merten, Said M Ali, Erick O Nyambedha, Bruno Lapika, Claire-Lise Chaignat, Raymond Hutubessy, Mitchell G Weiss BMC Medicine 2013, 11:206 (18 September 2013) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Investigation into sociocultural features of endemic cholera in three African countries finds both common and distinct health-seeking and knowledge patterns, which could be used to guide planning for future cholera control and elimination.
		Review Challenges and opportunities for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of HIV infection: where are we in Europe? Jean-Michel Molina, Claire Pintado, Caroline Gatey, Diane Ponscarme, Pierre Charbonneau, Benedicte Loze, Willy Rozenbaum, Constance Delaugerre BMC Medicine 2013, 11:186 (23 August 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral therapy is thought to help prevent HIV transmission; Jean-Michel Molina and colleagues discuss the controversy surrounding PrEP in Europe, and highlight the issues that need to be addressed.
		Research article Comparative assessment of absolute cardiovascular disease risk characterization from non-laboratory-based risk assessment in South African populations Thomas A Gaziano, Ankur Pandya, Krisela Steyn, Naomi Levitt, Willie Mollentze, Gina Joubert, Corinna M Walsh, Ayesha A Motala, Annamarie Kruger, Aletta E Schutte, Datshana P Naidoo, Dorcas R Prakaschandra, Ria Laubscher BMC Medicine 2013, 11:170 (24 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A non-laboratory based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score has similar ranking performance to laboratory-based scores in South African populations, suggesting the score could be used to predict disease risk in countries where laboratory testing is not practical.
		Question and Answer Video Q&A: Rapid urine LAM test for HIV-associated TB - potential to reduce deaths? An interview with Stephen Lawn Stephen D Lawn BMC Medicine 2013, 11:158 (4 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In this Q&A, we talk to Stephen Lawn about the point-of-care LAM test for HIV-associated TB, which could save lives by improving rapid diagnosis and treatment.
		Debate Diabetic retinopathy in sub-Saharan Africa: meeting the challenges of an emerging epidemic Philip I Burgess, Gerald Msukwa, Nicholas AV Beare BMC Medicine 2013, 11:157 (2 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Philip Burgess and colleagues discuss the emerging epidemic of diabetic retinopathy in sub-Saharan Africa, arguing that clinical services and research for diabetes should be expanded, with models of care being tailored to resource-limited settings.
		Research article Factors associated with patient, and diagnostic delays in Chinese TB patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Ying Li, John Ehiri, Shenglan Tang, Daikun Li, Yongqiao Bian, Hui Lin, Caitlin Marshall, Jia Cao BMC Medicine 2013, 11:156 (2 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Delays in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in China are a major barrier to effective management; a meta-analysis finds these delays are mediated by individual and health system factors, suggesting interventions to raise TB awareness will be useful.
		Correspondence Integrating sepsis management recommendations into clinical care guidelines for district hospitals in resource-limited settings: the necessity to augment new guidelines with future research Shevin T Jacob, Matthew Lim, Patrick Banura, Satish Bhagwanjee, Julian Bion, Allen C Cheng, Hillary Cohen, Jeremy Farrar, Sandy Gove, Philip Hopewell, Christopher C Moore, Cathy Roth, T West BMC Medicine 2013, 11:107 (18 April 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Shevin Jacob et al. discuss the ‘Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness District Clinician Manual’ sepsis management guidelines for resource-limited settings, highlighting the importance of ensuring sepsis research is undertaken in such locations.
		Editorial Medicine for global health: can “simple interventions” improve the worldwide burden of disease? Gretchen Birbeck BMC Medicine 2013, 11:72 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Gretchen Birbeck launches our new article collection, Medicine for Global Health, with an editorial, discussing the relevance of medicine in resource-limited settings, highlighting that simple interventions may help to lessen the global burden of disease.
		Question and Answer Q&A - Economic analyses for vaccine introduction decisions in low- and middle- income countries Raymond Hutubessy BMC Medicine 2013, 11:71 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary For the launch of our new article collection, Medicine for Global Health, Raymond Hutubessy, a health economist, discusses the importance of economic analyses for vaccine introduction decisions in low- and middle-income countries.
		Question and Answer Q&A - Global challenges of epilepsy management - an interview with Gretchen Birbeck Gretchen Birbeck BMC Medicine 2013, 11:70 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Gretchen Birbeck, a neurologist based in southern Africa, answers our questions on the challenges associated with managing epilepsy in resource-limited settings, as part of our new article collection; Medicine for Global Health.
		Question and Answer Ethical considerations in the globalization of medicine – an interview with James Giordano James Giordano BMC Medicine 2013, 11:69 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Neuroscientist and neuroethicist, James Giordano discusses the ethical issues associated with global health research, and highlights the challenges of conducting such research in low- and middle- income countries.
		Research article Exploring mechanisms of excess mortality with early fluid resuscitation: insights from the FEAST trial Kathryn Maitland, Elizabeth C George, Jennifer A Evans, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Samuel O Akech, Robert O Opoka, Charles Engoru, Richard Nyeko, George Mtove, Hugh Reyburn, Bernadette Brent, Julius Nteziyaremye, Ayub Mpoya, Natalie Prevatt, Cornelius M Dambisya, Daniel Semakula, Ahmed Ddungu, Vicent Okuuny, Ronald Wokulira, Molline Timbwa, Benedict Otii, Michael Levin, Jane Crawley, Abdel G Babiker, Diana M Gibb, for the FEAST trial group BMC Medicine 2013, 11:68 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| f1000 \| Editor’s summary Children suffering from sepsis in the FEAST trial given fluid boluses exhibited excess mortality; analysis of the data suggests that this was due to cardiovascular collapse, which should prompt a re-evaluation of fluid resuscitation practice.
		Commentary Causes of death after fluid bolus resuscitation: new insights from FEAST John Myburgh, Simon Finfer BMC Medicine 2013, 11:67 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Analysis of the FEAST trial explored the mechanisms behind excess mortality in African sepsis patients given fluid boluses; John Myburgh and Simon Finfer discuss the broader relevance of this result for other populations of critically ill patients.
		Research article A bibliometric analysis of childhood immunization research productivity in Africa since the onset of the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974 Charles S Wiysonge, Olalekan A Uthman, Peter M Ndumbe, Gregory D Hussey BMC Medicine 2013, 11:66 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Since the onset of the Expanded Program on Immunization, vaccine research productivity in Africa has skewed towards those funded privately, with minimal research input from African authors, suggesting a need for better communication between all stakeholders.
		Research article The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival Karsten Lunze, David E Bloom, Dean T Jamison, Davidson H Hamer BMC Medicine 2013, 11:24 (31 January 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a systematic review shows that neonatal hypothermia indirectly contributes to infant mortality, suggesting that hypothermia prevention measures should be employed to help reduce newborn deaths in resource-limited settings.
		Correspondence Economic analyses to support decisions about HPV vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a consensus report and guide for analysts Mark Jit, Carol Levin, Marc Brisson, Ann Levin, Stephen Resch, Johannes Berkhof, Jane Kim, Raymond Hutubessy BMC Medicine 2013, 11:23 (30 January 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary An expert group from the World Health Organization provides advice on economic issues associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), recommending that analyses are thorough, but not overly complex.
		Research article Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to schoolgirls in Mwanza Region, Tanzania Wilm Quentin, Fern Terris-Prestholt, John Changalucha, Selephina Soteli, W John Edmunds, Raymond Hutubessy, David A Ross, Saidi Kapiga, Richard Hayes, Deborah Watson-Jones BMC Medicine 2012, 10:137 (13 November 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary An economic analysis of a school-based HPV vaccination project in Tanzania finds that vaccines are delivered in a cost-effective manner, and costs can be reduced further by integrating vaccine delivery with other school-based health interventions.
		Research article A case study using the United Republic of Tanzania: costing nationwide HPV vaccine delivery using the WHO Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Costing Tool Raymond Hutubessy, Ann Levin, Susan Wang, Winthrop Morgan, Mariam Ally, Theopista John, Nathalie Broutet BMC Medicine 2012, 10:136 (13 November 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Tanzania is presented as a case study to test the WHO C4P tool, which aims to help low- and middle-income countries estimate costs associated with HPV vaccine delivery, showing that the most important costs are related to social mobilization.
		Minireview Epilepsy care guidelines for low- and middle- income countries: From WHO mental health GAP to national programs Juri Katchanov, Gretchen L Birbeck BMC Medicine 2012, 10:107 (24 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Juri Katchanov and Gretchen Birbeck discuss the differing needs of low- and middle-income countries for epilepsy care guidelines compared with higher income countries, and describe how successful execution requires local adaptation.
		Opinion The role of nutrition in integrated programs to control neglected tropical diseases Andrew Hall, Yaobi Zhang, Chad MacArthur, Shawn Baker BMC Medicine 2012, 10:41 (25 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in malnourished populations and are exacerbated by undernutrition; Andrew Hall and colleagues propose that the efficacy of NTD control programs can be increased by including nutritional interventions.
		Research article Zinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial Maheswari G Srinivasan, Grace Ndeezi, Cordelia Mboijana, Sarah Kiguli, Gabriel S Bimenya, Victoria Nankabirwa, James K Tumwine BMC Medicine 2012, 10:14 (8 February 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| f1000 \| Editor’s summary Clinical trial evidence shows zinc supplementation can reduce mortality rates of children with severe pneumonia, having a greater effect in HIV positive infants, without reducing time to normalization of disease severity parameters.

		Research article Comparing sociocultural features of cholera in three endemic African settings Christian Schaetti, Neisha Sundaram, Sonja Merten, Said M Ali, Erick O Nyambedha, Bruno Lapika, Claire-Lise Chaignat, Raymond Hutubessy, Mitchell G Weiss BMC Medicine 2013, 11:206 (18 September 2013) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Investigation into sociocultural features of endemic cholera in three African countries finds both common and distinct health-seeking and knowledge patterns, which could be used to guide planning for future cholera control and elimination.
		Review Challenges and opportunities for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of HIV infection: where are we in Europe? Jean-Michel Molina, Claire Pintado, Caroline Gatey, Diane Ponscarme, Pierre Charbonneau, Benedicte Loze, Willy Rozenbaum, Constance Delaugerre BMC Medicine 2013, 11:186 (23 August 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral therapy is thought to help prevent HIV transmission; Jean-Michel Molina and colleagues discuss the controversy surrounding PrEP in Europe, and highlight the issues that need to be addressed.
		Research article Comparative assessment of absolute cardiovascular disease risk characterization from non-laboratory-based risk assessment in South African populations Thomas A Gaziano, Ankur Pandya, Krisela Steyn, Naomi Levitt, Willie Mollentze, Gina Joubert, Corinna M Walsh, Ayesha A Motala, Annamarie Kruger, Aletta E Schutte, Datshana P Naidoo, Dorcas R Prakaschandra, Ria Laubscher BMC Medicine 2013, 11:170 (24 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A non-laboratory based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score has similar ranking performance to laboratory-based scores in South African populations, suggesting the score could be used to predict disease risk in countries where laboratory testing is not practical.
		Question and Answer Video Q&A: Rapid urine LAM test for HIV-associated TB - potential to reduce deaths? An interview with Stephen Lawn Stephen D Lawn BMC Medicine 2013, 11:158 (4 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In this Q&A, we talk to Stephen Lawn about the point-of-care LAM test for HIV-associated TB, which could save lives by improving rapid diagnosis and treatment.
		Debate Diabetic retinopathy in sub-Saharan Africa: meeting the challenges of an emerging epidemic Philip I Burgess, Gerald Msukwa, Nicholas AV Beare BMC Medicine 2013, 11:157 (2 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Philip Burgess and colleagues discuss the emerging epidemic of diabetic retinopathy in sub-Saharan Africa, arguing that clinical services and research for diabetes should be expanded, with models of care being tailored to resource-limited settings.
		Research article Factors associated with patient, and diagnostic delays in Chinese TB patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Ying Li, John Ehiri, Shenglan Tang, Daikun Li, Yongqiao Bian, Hui Lin, Caitlin Marshall, Jia Cao BMC Medicine 2013, 11:156 (2 July 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Delays in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in China are a major barrier to effective management; a meta-analysis finds these delays are mediated by individual and health system factors, suggesting interventions to raise TB awareness will be useful.
		Correspondence Integrating sepsis management recommendations into clinical care guidelines for district hospitals in resource-limited settings: the necessity to augment new guidelines with future research Shevin T Jacob, Matthew Lim, Patrick Banura, Satish Bhagwanjee, Julian Bion, Allen C Cheng, Hillary Cohen, Jeremy Farrar, Sandy Gove, Philip Hopewell, Christopher C Moore, Cathy Roth, T West BMC Medicine 2013, 11:107 (18 April 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Shevin Jacob et al. discuss the ‘Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness District Clinician Manual’ sepsis management guidelines for resource-limited settings, highlighting the importance of ensuring sepsis research is undertaken in such locations.
		Editorial Medicine for global health: can “simple interventions” improve the worldwide burden of disease? Gretchen Birbeck BMC Medicine 2013, 11:72 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Gretchen Birbeck launches our new article collection, Medicine for Global Health, with an editorial, discussing the relevance of medicine in resource-limited settings, highlighting that simple interventions may help to lessen the global burden of disease.
		Question and Answer Q&A - Economic analyses for vaccine introduction decisions in low- and middle- income countries Raymond Hutubessy BMC Medicine 2013, 11:71 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary For the launch of our new article collection, Medicine for Global Health, Raymond Hutubessy, a health economist, discusses the importance of economic analyses for vaccine introduction decisions in low- and middle-income countries.
		Question and Answer Q&A - Global challenges of epilepsy management - an interview with Gretchen Birbeck Gretchen Birbeck BMC Medicine 2013, 11:70 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Gretchen Birbeck, a neurologist based in southern Africa, answers our questions on the challenges associated with managing epilepsy in resource-limited settings, as part of our new article collection; Medicine for Global Health.
		Question and Answer Ethical considerations in the globalization of medicine – an interview with James Giordano James Giordano BMC Medicine 2013, 11:69 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Neuroscientist and neuroethicist, James Giordano discusses the ethical issues associated with global health research, and highlights the challenges of conducting such research in low- and middle- income countries.
		Research article Exploring mechanisms of excess mortality with early fluid resuscitation: insights from the FEAST trial Kathryn Maitland, Elizabeth C George, Jennifer A Evans, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Samuel O Akech, Robert O Opoka, Charles Engoru, Richard Nyeko, George Mtove, Hugh Reyburn, Bernadette Brent, Julius Nteziyaremye, Ayub Mpoya, Natalie Prevatt, Cornelius M Dambisya, Daniel Semakula, Ahmed Ddungu, Vicent Okuuny, Ronald Wokulira, Molline Timbwa, Benedict Otii, Michael Levin, Jane Crawley, Abdel G Babiker, Diana M Gibb, for the FEAST trial group BMC Medicine 2013, 11:68 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| f1000 \| Editor’s summary Children suffering from sepsis in the FEAST trial given fluid boluses exhibited excess mortality; analysis of the data suggests that this was due to cardiovascular collapse, which should prompt a re-evaluation of fluid resuscitation practice.
		Commentary Causes of death after fluid bolus resuscitation: new insights from FEAST John Myburgh, Simon Finfer BMC Medicine 2013, 11:67 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Analysis of the FEAST trial explored the mechanisms behind excess mortality in African sepsis patients given fluid boluses; John Myburgh and Simon Finfer discuss the broader relevance of this result for other populations of critically ill patients.
		Research article A bibliometric analysis of childhood immunization research productivity in Africa since the onset of the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974 Charles S Wiysonge, Olalekan A Uthman, Peter M Ndumbe, Gregory D Hussey BMC Medicine 2013, 11:66 (14 March 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Since the onset of the Expanded Program on Immunization, vaccine research productivity in Africa has skewed towards those funded privately, with minimal research input from African authors, suggesting a need for better communication between all stakeholders.
		Research article The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival Karsten Lunze, David E Bloom, Dean T Jamison, Davidson H Hamer BMC Medicine 2013, 11:24 (31 January 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a systematic review shows that neonatal hypothermia indirectly contributes to infant mortality, suggesting that hypothermia prevention measures should be employed to help reduce newborn deaths in resource-limited settings.
		Correspondence Economic analyses to support decisions about HPV vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a consensus report and guide for analysts Mark Jit, Carol Levin, Marc Brisson, Ann Levin, Stephen Resch, Johannes Berkhof, Jane Kim, Raymond Hutubessy BMC Medicine 2013, 11:23 (30 January 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary An expert group from the World Health Organization provides advice on economic issues associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), recommending that analyses are thorough, but not overly complex.
		Research article Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to schoolgirls in Mwanza Region, Tanzania Wilm Quentin, Fern Terris-Prestholt, John Changalucha, Selephina Soteli, W John Edmunds, Raymond Hutubessy, David A Ross, Saidi Kapiga, Richard Hayes, Deborah Watson-Jones BMC Medicine 2012, 10:137 (13 November 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary An economic analysis of a school-based HPV vaccination project in Tanzania finds that vaccines are delivered in a cost-effective manner, and costs can be reduced further by integrating vaccine delivery with other school-based health interventions.
		Research article A case study using the United Republic of Tanzania: costing nationwide HPV vaccine delivery using the WHO Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Costing Tool Raymond Hutubessy, Ann Levin, Susan Wang, Winthrop Morgan, Mariam Ally, Theopista John, Nathalie Broutet BMC Medicine 2012, 10:136 (13 November 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Tanzania is presented as a case study to test the WHO C4P tool, which aims to help low- and middle-income countries estimate costs associated with HPV vaccine delivery, showing that the most important costs are related to social mobilization.
		Minireview Epilepsy care guidelines for low- and middle- income countries: From WHO mental health GAP to national programs Juri Katchanov, Gretchen L Birbeck BMC Medicine 2012, 10:107 (24 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Juri Katchanov and Gretchen Birbeck discuss the differing needs of low- and middle-income countries for epilepsy care guidelines compared with higher income countries, and describe how successful execution requires local adaptation.
		Opinion The role of nutrition in integrated programs to control neglected tropical diseases Andrew Hall, Yaobi Zhang, Chad MacArthur, Shawn Baker BMC Medicine 2012, 10:41 (25 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in malnourished populations and are exacerbated by undernutrition; Andrew Hall and colleagues propose that the efficacy of NTD control programs can be increased by including nutritional interventions.
		Research article Zinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial Maheswari G Srinivasan, Grace Ndeezi, Cordelia Mboijana, Sarah Kiguli, Gabriel S Bimenya, Victoria Nankabirwa, James K Tumwine BMC Medicine 2012, 10:14 (8 February 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| f1000 \| Editor’s summary Clinical trial evidence shows zinc supplementation can reduce mortality rates of children with severe pneumonia, having a greater effect in HIV positive infants, without reducing time to normalization of disease severity parameters.