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Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer
Grace Cheung, Arun Sahai, Michele Billia, Prokar Dasgupta, Muhammad S Khan BMC Medicine 2013, 11:13 (17 January 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Muhammad S Khan and colleagues review recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, discussing diagnostic tools with improved sensitivity and new treatment options for both muscle-invasive and non-invasive forms of the disease.
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Collectives of diagnostic biomarkers identify high-risk subpopulations of hematuria patients: exploiting heterogeneity in large-scale biomarker data
Frank Emmert-Streib, Funso Abogunrin, Ricardo de Matos Simoes, Brian Duggan, Mark W Ruddock, Cherith N Reid, Owen Roddy, Lisa White, Hugh F O'Kane, Declan O'Rourke, Neil H Anderson, Thiagarajan Nambirajan, Kate E Williamson BMC Medicine 2013, 11:12 (17 January 2013)
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Editor’s summary
High-risk hematuria patients can be identified by grouping together patients using hierarchical clustering based on biomarker data, which may allow more accurate and timely diagnosis during triage for patients with serious diseases.
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Triple P-Positive Parenting programs: the folly of basing social policy on underpowered flawed studies
James C Coyne, Linda Kwakkenbos BMC Medicine 2013, 11:11 (16 January 2013)
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Coyne and Kwakkenbos comment on a recent meta-analysis which questioned the long-term effectiveness of the Triple P parenting programme, and highlight that policy makers should be aware that positive results reported by underpowered trials can be misleading.
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How well do clinical prediction rules perform in identifying serious infections in acutely ill children across an international network of ambulatory care datasets?
Jan Y Verbakel, Ann Van den Bruel, Matthew Thompson, Richard Stevens, Bert Aertgeerts, Rianne Oostenbrink, Henriette A Moll, Marjolein Y Berger, Monica Lakhanpaul, David Mant, Frank Buntinx, the European Research Network on Recognising Serious Infection (ERNIE) BMC Medicine 2013, 11:10 (15 January 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Clinical prediction rules to recognize infections in children do not show perfect diagnostic accuracy in high and low prevalence ambulatory care settings, suggesting that additional laboratory tests should be used to increase certainty.
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Genetics of scleroderma: implications for personalized medicine?
Shervin Assassi, Timothy RDJ Radstake, Maureen D Mayes, Javier Martin BMC Medicine 2013, 11:9 (11 January 2013)
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Javier Martin and colleagues review recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of scleroderma, and discuss how genetic information can be included in clinical trial design to develop a personalized approach to monitoring and treatment.
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Bariatric surgery: the challenges with candidate selection, individualizing treatment and clinical outcomes
KJ Neff, T Olbers, CW le Roux BMC Medicine 2013, 11:8 (10 January 2013)
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Carel le Roux and colleagues discuss the associated health benefits of bariatric surgery which can effectively reduce the burden of obesity, and review options for candidate selection for best outcome and the challenges of individualizing treatment.
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Support of personalized medicine through risk-stratified treatment recommendations - an environmental scan of clinical practice guidelines
Tsung Yu, Daniela Vollenweider, Ravi Varadhan, Tianjing Li, Cynthia Boyd, Milo A Puhan BMC Medicine 2013, 11:7 (9 January 2013)
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Editor’s summary
An analysis of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for chronic diseases shows that only a small proportion of CPGs make risk-stratified recommendations, and it is uncertain if they take benefit and harm into account for individual patients.
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Meta-analysis: implications of interleukin-28B polymorphisms in spontaneous and treatment-related clearance for patients with hepatitis C
María A Jiménez-Sousa, Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez, María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Mónica García-Álvarez, Salvador Resino BMC Medicine 2013, 11:6 (8 January 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Evidence from a meta-analysis suggests that IL28B polymorphisms affect hepatitis C treatment outcome and that the most appropriate genetic marker depends on ethnicity, suggesting that these factors should be considered when making treatment decisions.
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Recent findings on the health effects of omega-3 fatty acids and statins, and their interactions: do statins inhibit omega-3?
Michel de Lorgeril, Patricia Salen, Pascal Defaye, Mikael Rabaeus BMC Medicine 2013, 11:5 (4 January 2013)
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Michel de Lorgeril and colleagues review contrasting evidence on the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), and discuss how n-3 may be ineffective in statin users due to complex interactions between the two compounds.
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Clinical development of monoclonal antibody-based drugs in HIV and HCV diseases
Michela Flego, Alessandro Ascione, Maurizio Cianfriglia, Stefano Vella BMC Medicine 2013, 11:4 (4 January 2013)
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Stefano Vella and colleagues review monoclonal antibody-based drugs in clinical development for HIV and HCV treatment, and describe their benefits and drawbacks in comparison with current therapies used to treat infectious diseases.
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Diet, a new target to prevent depression?
Almudena Sanchez-Villegas, Miguel A Martínez-González BMC Medicine 2013, 11:3 (3 January 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Depression is linked to inflammation and high lipid profiles, so recent cohort studies have focused on the effects of diet; Sanchez-Villegas and Martinez-Gonzalez discuss how diet may prevent depression, and recommend that observational studies and clinical trials can confirm the association.
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Video Q&A: Excess body weight and cancer
Rudolf Kaaks BMC Medicine 2013, 11:2 (3 January 2013)
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Rudolf Kaaks talks about types of cancers linked to the overweight and obesity epidemic, and advises that although weight loss may decrease the risk of developing cancer, ultimately prevention is better than the cure.
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and retinopathy risk in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Tengyue Zhang, Chong Pang, Ningdong Li, Elaine Zhou, Kanxing Zhao BMC Medicine 2013, 11:1 (2 January 2013)
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Evidence from a meta-analysis shows a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphism increases diabetic retinopathy risk in Caucasians and in patients who have had diabetes for more than 10 years, but not in Chinese and Japanese patients.
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Immunotherapy using slow-cycling tumor cells prolonged overall survival of tumor-bearing mice
Qing Sun, Yong Zhong, Fan Wu, Chunxia Zhou, Dongmei Wang, Wenbo Ma, Youhui Zhang, Shuren Zhang BMC Medicine 2012, 10:172 (27 December 2012)
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Slow-cycling drug-resistant tumor cells induce a better immune response than normal tumor cells, and injecting inactivated slow-cycling cells prolongs survival of mice with cancer, indicating their promise for a cancer vaccination.
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Evidence from neuroimaging to explore brain plasticity in humans during an ultra-endurance burden
Stéphane Perrey, Kevin Mandrick BMC Medicine 2012, 10:171 (21 December 2012)
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Stéphane Perrey and Kevin Mandrick comment on a study by Freund et al. showing that reversible brain changes occur during extreme running, and explain how the results can aid understanding of cerebral atrophy in those vulnerable to long-term stress.
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Substantial and reversible brain gray matter reduction but no acute brain lesions in ultramarathon runners: experience from the TransEurope-FootRace Project
Wolfgang Freund, Sonja Faust, Frank Birklein, Christian Gaser, Arthur P Wunderlich, Marguerite Müller, Christian Billich, Markus S Juchems, Bernd L Schmitz, Georg Grön, Uwe H Schütz BMC Medicine 2012, 10:170 (21 December 2012)
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Gray matter volume in the brain is reversibly reduced during the course of an ultramarathon, but no new lesions are detected by MRI, suggesting that short-term adverse brain events do not occur during endurance running when athletes train properly.
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Bike racing, recreational riding, impact sport and bone health
Michael R Carmont BMC Medicine 2012, 10:169 (20 December 2012)
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Mike Carmont comments on a recent systematic review that concludes road cycling does not offer any osteogenic benefits, and discusses the effects of high impact sports as well as possible soft tissue injuries.
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Cycling and bone health: a systematic review
Hugo Olmedillas, Alejandro González-Agüero, Luis A Moreno, José A Casajus, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez BMC Medicine 2012, 10:168 (20 December 2012)
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Although cycling has cardiovascular benefits, a systematic review concludes it is not effective in improving bone mass, suggesting that cyclists at risk of developing osteoporosis should supplement cycling with osteogenic training.
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Exercise therapy for bone and muscle health: an overview of systematic reviews
Kåre Hagen, Hanne Dagfinrud, Rikke Moe, Nina Østerås, Ingvild Kjeken, Margreth Grotle, Geir Smedslund BMC Medicine 2012, 10:167 (19 December 2012)
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Evidence from an overview of systematic reviews suggests that exercise therapy (ET) is beneficial for most musculoskeletal conditions, but with the exception of osteoporosis there is limited understanding of how ET affects disease mechanisms.
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Pre-cooling for endurance exercise performance in the heat: a systematic review
Paul R Jones, Christian Barton, Dylan Morrissey, Nicola Maffulli, Stephanie Hemmings BMC Medicine 2012, 10:166 (18 December 2012)
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A systematic review and meta-analysis finds cold water immersion is the most effective method of pre-cooling to improve endurance sports performance in hot weather, but highlights that more research is required to establish optimal techniques.
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Real-time numerical forecast of global epidemic spreading: case study of 2009 A/H1N1pdm
Michele Tizzoni, Paolo Bajardi, Chiara Poletto, José J Ramasco, Duygu Balcan, Bruno Gonçalves, Nicola Perra, Vittoria Colizza, Alessandro Vespignani BMC Medicine 2012, 10:165 (13 December 2012)
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Computational forecasts of influenza transmission are in good agreement with real-life surveillance results when built from high quality data, suggesting that such models can be used to predict the spread of disease in case of a pandemic.
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Mammographic screening debate on study design: a need to move the field forward
Giske Ursin BMC Medicine 2012, 10:164 (12 December 2012)
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Giske Ursin discusses the controversy surrounding different study designs to assess breast screening efficacy, and emphasizes that while all study designs have limitations, it is important to work together to address the problems analytically.
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Breast cancer screening: evidence of benefit depends on the method used
Philippe Autier, Mathieu Boniol BMC Medicine 2012, 10:163 (12 December 2012)
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Philippe Autier and Mathieu Boniol discuss the limitations of case-control and incidence-based mortality studies to measure the success of breast cancer screening, and recommend that caution be applied when interpreting results from these studies.
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The age distribution of mortality due to influenza: pandemic and peri-pandemic
Tom Reichert, Gerardo Chowell, Jonathan A McCullers BMC Medicine 2012, 10:162 (12 December 2012)
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Mathematical modeling of influenza mortality rates shows that emerging virus strains are similar to those that were present previously, suggesting that mortality levels are affected by virulence and moderated by acquired immunity in older people.
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Clinical development of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment
Irene Brana, Lillian L Siu BMC Medicine 2012, 10:161 (11 December 2012)
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Irene Brana and Lillian Siu review the clinical development of isoform-specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors for cancer treatment, and discuss molecular characterization of tumor resistance as a strategy for optimizing efficacy.
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