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	1. 3451 Accesses	Question & Answer Q&A: What is a pathogen? A question that begs the point Liise-anne Pirofski, Arturo Casadevall BMC Biology 2012, 10:6 (31 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Arturo Casadevall and Liise-anne Pirofski explain in Q&A format the emergent properties of microbial pathogenesis that make the question impossible to answer, and the emergence of new pathogens almost impossible to predict.
	2. 2375 Accesses	Research article The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions Roberto Danovaro, Antonio Dell'Anno, Antonio Pusceddu, Cristina Gambi, Iben Heiner, Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen BMC Biology 2010, 8:30 (6 April 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 2 comments \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary An expedition to a deep sea hypersaline anoxic basin in the Mediterranean has discovered the first multicellular animals that live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen.
	3. 2021 Accesses	Commentary Protein dynamics and conformational selection in bidirectional signal transduction Ruth Nussinov, Buyong Ma BMC Biology 2012, 10:2 (25 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Sixteen new conformations of the ligand-binding domain of the cell:cell signaling receptor EphrinA4 are identified in research published in BMC Biophysics. Nussinov and Ma discuss how such conformational diversity allows binding of different ligands to propagate distinct signals through secondary conformational change.
	4. 1980 Accesses	Commentary A novel role for microglia in minimizing excitotoxicity Mariko L Howe, Ben A Barres BMC Biology 2012, 10:7 (31 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Ramified microglia, previously branded as 'resting', protect hippocampal neurons against excitotoxicity according to research published in Journal of Neuroinflammation. Mariko Howe and Ben Barres discuss how these findings add to a growing recognition of active roles for microglia in health and disease.
	5. 1835 Accesses	Commentary Difficult phylogenetic questions: more data, maybe; better methods, certainly Hervé Philippe, Béatrice Roure BMC Biology 2011, 9:91 (29 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Niels Bohr said that 'Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future,' but phylogeneticists would just be happy with the past. Philippe and Roure discuss some methods for dealing with particularly difficult evolutionary problems, and how corroboration is the key to success.
	6. 1615 Accesses	Editorial Pit-bull reviewing, the pursuit of perfection and the victims of success Miranda Robertson BMC Biology 2011, 9:84 (1 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The festering discontent with reviewing and editorial practices in the high-profile biology journals has erupted into a new high-quality open access journal to be launched in 2012. Miranda Robertson explores the problem and the solutions offered, and revisits the re-review opt-out policy operated by BMC Biology.
	7. 1143 Accesses	Research article Multiple origins of endosymbiosis within the Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria): convergence of complex phylogenetic approaches Filip Husník, Tomáš Chrudimský, Václav Hypša BMC Biology 2011, 9:87 (28 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Symbiosis is assumed to be a rare event, but a sophisticated evolutionary analysis picks apart the history of endosymbiosis between bacteria and insects and shows that in contrast to a single origin, symbiosis in this context has independently evolved a number of times.
	8. 958 Accesses	Commentary The bending of cell sheets - from folding to rolling Ray Keller, David Shook BMC Biology 2011, 9:90 (29 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Keller and Shook explore how cell shape changes, junctional interactions and epithelial morphogenetic processes drive early development, including data from a recent analysis by Hoehn and Hallmann of a relatively unexplored inversion process in the multicellular alga Volvox globator.
	9. 928 Accesses	Review Putting the pH into phosphatidic acid signaling John JH Shin, Christopher JR Loewen BMC Biology 2011, 9:85 (2 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary John Shin and Christopher Loewen explain how the unique properties of phosphatidic acid may equip it to act as a pH biosensor in the lipid membrane of cells, and review the emerging evidence that lipids monitor and respond to changes in cellular pH.
	10. 913 Accesses	Research article Single vesicle imaging indicates distinct modes of rapid membrane retrieval during nerve growth Jacob H Hines, Steven J Henle, Lucas P Carlstrom, Mohammad Abu-Rub, John R Henley BMC Biology 2012, 10:4 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
	11. 904 Accesses	Review Microarrays, deep sequencing and the true measure of the transcriptome John H Malone, Brian Oliver BMC Biology 2011, 9:34 (31 May 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Global measures of gene expression can now be extracted either from microarrays or from RNA-seq, which do not always seem to give the same answer. Malone and Oliver review the advantages and limitations of each and conclude that, with some important exceptions, they tell the same story.
	12. 842 Accesses	Review Molecular dynamics simulations and drug discovery Jacob D Durrant, J Andrew McCammon BMC Biology 2011, 9:71 (28 October 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Modeling the movements of atoms within macromolecules can predict their conformational flexibility to inform drug discovery. Jacob Durrant and Andrew McCammon explain how this is done in molecular dynamics simulations, reviewing both the successes and current limitations of the approach.
	13. 744 Accesses	Methodology article Detailed interrogation of trypanosome cell biology via differential organelle staining and automated image analysis Richard J Wheeler, Keith Gull, Eva Gluenz BMC Biology 2012, 10:1 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
	14. 738 Accesses	Research article Global transgenerational gene expression dynamics in two newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines Bao Qi, Wei Huang, Bo Zhu, Xiaofang Zhong, Jianhua Guo, Na Zhao, Chunming Xu, Huakun Zhang, Jinsong Pang, Fangpu Han, Bao Liu BMC Biology 2012, 10:3 (26 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
	15. 673 Accesses	Research article There is more than one way to turn a spherical cellular monolayer inside out: type B embryo inversion in Volvox globator Stephanie Hohn, Armin Hallmann BMC Biology 2011, 9:89 (29 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	16. 669 Accesses	Research article Involvement of Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase CK2 in the chromatin assembly pathway Eeshita G Dastidar, Guillem Dayer, Zoe M Holland, Dominique Dorin-Semblat, Aurelie Claes, Arnaud Chene, Amit Sharma, Romain Hamelin, Marc Moniatte, Jose-Juan Lopez-Rubio, Artur Scherf, Christian Doerig BMC Biology 2012, 10:5 (31 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
	17. 665 Accesses	Question & Answer Q&A: ChIP-seq technologies and the study of gene regulation Edison T Liu, Sebastian Pott, Mikael Huss BMC Biology 2010, 8:56 (14 May 2010) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Edison Liu and colleagues explain in Q&A format how ChIP-seq technology allows investigation of transcriptional regulation on a genomic scale, and what is next.
	18. 653 Accesses	Research article Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: the evolutionary history of anthropoid primate lice David L Reed, Jessica E Light, Julie M Allen, Jeremy J Kirchman BMC Biology 2007, 5:7 (7 March 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The coevolution of parasitic lice on primate hosts involved cospeciation and host switching, resulting in humans sharing body lice with gorillas and head lice being shared between humans and chimpanzees.
	19. 598 Accesses	Research article Extensive population genetic structure in the giraffe David M Brown, Rick A Brenneman, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, John P Pollinger, Borja Milá, Nicholas J Georgiadis, Edward E Louis, Gregory F Grether, David K Jacobs, Robert K Wayne BMC Biology 2007, 5:57 (21 December 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Giraffes can travel widely but have recently been found to comprise eleven genetically distinct populations with little interbreeding, a finding which is unprecedented among large African mammals with significant implications for giraffe conservation management.
	20. 572 Accesses	Methodology article Use of the viral 2A peptide for bicistronic expression in transgenic mice Georgios Trichas, Jo Begbie, Shankar Srinivas BMC Biology 2008, 6:40 (15 September 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Germline transmission of a bicistronic vector using the 2A peptide to allow co-translational cleavage is stable in mice and shows no developmental side-effects, giving a superior alternative to the internal ribosomal entry site for expressing multiple transgenes.
	21. 538 Accesses	Commentary Endothelio-hematopoietic relationship: getting closer to the beginnings Sabrina Gordon-Keylock, Alexander Medvinsky BMC Biology 2011, 9:88 (28 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Both blood cells and vascular cells can differentiate from a single precursor cell, the hemangioblast. But what is the origin of the hemangioblast? Gordon-Keylock and Medvinsky discuss a new method of labeling these cells, reported by Ana T Tavares and colleagues, that may provide an answer.
	22. 529 Accesses	Research article Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age Chunxiang Li, Hongjie Li, Yinqiu Cui, Chengzhi Xie, Dawei Cai, Wenying Li, Victor H Mair, Zhi Xu, Quanchao Zhang, Idelisi Abuduresule, Li Jin, Hong Zhu, Hui Zhou BMC Biology 2010, 8:15 (17 February 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Genetic analysis of human remains from the Tarim Basin in China reveals that the Xiaohe people comprised an admixture of populations originating from both the East and the West dating from the early Bronze Age.
	23. 511 Accesses	Research article Interactions of biotic and abiotic environmental factors in an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and the potential for selection mosaics Bridget J Piculell, Jason D Hoeksema, John N Thompson BMC Biology 2008, 6:23 (28 May 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Symbiotic interactions between plants and mycorrhizal fungus coevolve in different ways depending on the environment, even when the initial genotypes of interacting species are the same, showing that these "selection mosaics" could drive population diversification.
	24. 503 Accesses	Question & Answer Q&A: Who is H. sapiens really, and how do we know? Mason Liang, Rasmus Nielsen BMC Biology 2011, 9:20 (31 March 2011) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Modern sequencing technology has made it possible to scavenge the DNA of extinct hominin ancestors for evidence of interbreeding with Homo sapiens. Liang and Nielsen examine the evidence, what it tells us and how sure we can be
	25. 486 Accesses	Review Stem cell biology and drug discovery Lee L Rubin, Kelly M Haston BMC Biology 2011, 9:42 (7 June 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Lee Rubin and Kelly Haston survey recent research on the contribution of pluripotent cells to modeling disease with the aim of improving the efficiency of drug discovery and prediction of unexpected drug toxicities.