Figure 5.

Schematic view on the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Schematic view on the MAP kinase signaling cascade. The species with the stars (*) are the phosphorylated versions of the species without stars. MAPKKK* catalyzes the phosphorylation of MAPKK, MAPKK* in turn catalyzes the phosphorylation of MAPK. A negative feedback is given by the repression of the activation of MAPKKK by MAPK*.