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Table 1
Phenotypic characteristicsathat can be useful to differentiate the speciesC. shigense,C. piscicola,C.chaponenseandF. psychrophilum
Characteristic	*C. shigense*	*C. piscicola*	C.chaponense	*F. psychrophilum*^b
Growth at/with:
37 C	-	-	+	-
3.0 % NaCl	w	+	-	-
Flexirubin-type pigment	+	+	-	+
Hydrolysis of:
Casein	+	-	-	+
L-tyrosine	+	-	-	V
Gelatin	+	+	-	+
Starch	+	+	-	-
DNA	-	w	-	-
Enzyme activity:
α-glucosidase	-	+	+	V
β -glucosidase	-	+	+	V
β-galactosidase	-	-	-	V

^a Data for C. shigense are taken from this study, for C. piscicola from reference Ilardi et al. [8], for C. chaponense from reference Kämpfer et al. [11] and for F. psychrophilum from references Bernardet et al. [23], Cipriano and Holt [18] and Hesami et al. [24]. ^bF. psychrophilum differs also from C. shigense by its inability to utilize glucose as sole carbon source, to hydrolyze aesculin and to produce a brown diffusible pigment on tyrosine agar. +, Positive reaction; -, negative reaction; V, variable reaction; w, weak reaction.

Zamora et al. BMC Veterinary Research 2012 8:77 doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-77

Table 1