Table 2 |
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Prevalence (%) of DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive episodes in the 18 countries participating in the WMH surveys a |
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Screen positive, mean ± SE |
Lifetime prevalence, mean ± SE |
Lifetime/ Screen positive, ± mean ± SE |
12-month prevalence, mean ± SE |
12-month/ Screen positive, mean ± SE |
12-month/ lifetime, mean ± SE |
Age of onset, median (IQR)b |
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I. High-income |
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Belgium |
49.4 ± 2.5 |
14.1 ± 1.0 |
28.5 ± 1.9 |
5.0 ± 0.5 |
10.0 ± 1.0 |
35.2(2.8 |
29.4 (20.9 to 41.3) |
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France |
65.0 ± 1.7 |
21.0 ± 1.1 |
32.3 ± 1.4 |
5.9 ± 0.6 |
9.0 ± 0.9 |
27.9(2.6 |
28.4 (19.3 to 38.9) |
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Germany |
43.1 ± 1.4 |
9.9 ± 0.6 |
23.0 ± 1.3 |
3.0 ± 0.3 |
6.9 ± 0.6 |
30.1 ± 2.1 |
27.6 (18.6 to 39.6) |
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Israel |
45.1 ± 0.8 |
10.2 ± 0.5 |
22.6 ± 1.0 |
6.1 ± 0.4 |
13.5 ± 0.8 |
59.6 ± 2.3 |
25.5 (18.1 to 38.5) |
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Italy |
44.9 ± 1.7 |
9.9 ± 0.5 |
22.1 ± 1.0 |
3.0 ± 0.2 |
6.7 ± 0.5 |
30.2 ± 1.9 |
27.7 (19.1 to 39.1) |
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Japan |
29.9 ± 0.8 |
6.6 ± 0.5 |
22.2 ± 1.4 |
2.2 ± 0.4 |
7.4 ± 1.2 |
33.3 ± 4.2 |
30.1 (20.8 to 45.3) |
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Netherlands |
53.2 ± 1.6 |
17.9 ± 1.0 |
33.6 ± 1.8 |
4.9 ± 0.5 |
9.2 ± 1.0 |
27.3 ± 2.6 |
27.2 (19.3 to 39.5) |
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New Zealand |
61.9 ± 0.6 |
17.8 ± 0.4 |
28.7 ± 0.6 |
6.6 ± 0.3 |
10.6 ± 0.5 |
37.0 ± 1.5 |
24.2 (16.1 to 34.5)c |
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Spain |
37.7 ± 1.0 |
10.6 ± 0.5 |
28.2 ± 1.2 |
4.0 ± 0.3 |
10.6 ± 0.8 |
37.5 ± 1.9 |
30.0 (19.7 to 44.3) |
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United States |
62.0 ± 0.9 |
19.2 ± 0.5 |
30.9 ± 0.7 |
8.3 ± 0.3 |
13.3 ± 0.5 |
43.1 ± 1.2 |
22.7 (15.1 to 34.6) |
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Total |
52.3 ± 0.4 |
14.6 ± 0.2 |
28.1 ± 0.3 |
5.5 ± 0.1 |
10.6 ± 0.2 |
37.7 ± 0.7 |
25.7 (17.3 to 37.2) |
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II. Low- to middle-income |
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Sao Pâulo, Brazil |
66.0 ± 1.0 |
18.4 ± 0.8 |
27.9 ± 1.1 |
10.4 ± 0.6 |
15.8 ± 0.8 |
56.7 ± 1.5 |
24.3 (17.2 to 35.8) |
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Colombia |
58.6 ± 1.1 |
13.3 ± 0.6 |
22.6 ± 1.0 |
6.2 ± 0.4 |
10.6 ± 0.7 |
46.7 ± 2.6 |
23.5 (15.6 to 33.6) |
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Pondicherry, India |
25.0 ± 0.9 |
9.0 ± 0.5 |
35.9 ± 1.5 |
4.5 ± 0.4 |
18.0 ± 1.4 |
50.0 ± 3.0 |
31.9 (24.5 to 42.7) |
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Lebanon |
57.7 ± 1.8 |
10.9 ± 0.9 |
18.9 ± 1.3 |
5.5 ± 0.7 |
9.5 ± 1.2 |
50.0 ± 3.7 |
23.8 (17.5 to 32.8) |
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Mexico |
40.6 ± 1.1 |
8.0 ± 0.5 |
19.6 ± 1.2 |
4.0 ± 0.3 |
9.8 ± 0.8 |
50.0 ± 2.7 |
23.5 (16.7 to 34.0) |
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Shenzen, China |
54.6 ± 0.9 |
6.5 ± 0.4 |
12.0 ± 0.7 |
3.8 ± 0.3 |
6.9 ± 0.5 |
58.0 ± 2.6 |
18.8 (14.9 to 23.4) |
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South Africa |
56.1 ± 1.3 |
9.8 ± 0.7 |
17.4 ± 1.2 |
4.9 ± 0.4 |
8.6 ± 0.8 |
49.6 ± 2.7 |
22.3 (15.8 to 33.8) |
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Ukraine |
82.4 ± 1.1 |
14.6 ± 0.7 |
17.7 ± 0.8 |
8.4 ± 0.6 |
10.2 ± 0.7 |
57.8 ± 2.2 |
27.8 (18.7 to 39.6) |
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Total |
54.1 ± 0.4 |
11.1 ± 0.2 |
19.8 ± 0.4 |
5.9 ± 0.2 |
10.5 ± 0.3 |
53.3 ± 0.9 |
24.0 (17.0 to 34.8) |
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aAssessed in part I sample. Prevalence for the pooled samples (developed and developing) include respondents ages 18+. Prevalence for individual countries are assessed for the total sample in the country. bIQR, interquartile range. |
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Bromet et al. BMC Medicine 2011 9:90 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-90 |
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