Table 1

Included studies.

METHODS

PARTICIPANTS

INTERVENTIONS

OUTCOMES

INCLUDED STUDIES (date of publication)

Randomised

Double-blind

Three+ arm study

Duration (weeks)

Only Schizophrenia

History

Total number of participants

Age (years)

Sex

CPZ dose (mg/day)

Number allocated CPZ

Number allocated placebo

Leaving the study early

Global improvement

Mental State

Side-effects

Global clinical state

Behaviour

Relapse

1955

Hall

●

●

9

●

C

175

20–59

M+F

750 max

87

88

●

●

●

●

Vaughan

●

●

U/K

C

48

M = 43

F

75–450

24

24

●

1956

Shepherd

●

U/K

●

6

●

C

24

27–52

F

300

8

8

●

●

1958

Abrams

●

4

●

C

40

20–55

F

200–600

20

20

●

Grygier

●

U/K

24

●

C

30

m = 50

F

150

15

15

●

Hine

●

●

20

●

C

22

30–50

F

750 max

11

11

●

●

●

Simon

●

●

4

U/K

80

m = 31

U/K

200–1200

20

0

●

1959

Baker

●

●

●

5

C

25

33–79

F

150–300

7

7

●

●

●

●

Flemming

●

●

●

26

●

C

63

m = 58

F

75–300

21

21

●

●

●

Walsh

●

U/K

●

8

●

C

66

27–50

F

75–300

22

22

●

●

1960

Englhardt

●

●

●

78

●

U/K

173

18–40

U/K

50–800

62

56

●

●

Hamilton

●

●

●

8

●

C

54

m = 38

M

300

18

18

●

●

Payne

●

●

●

6

●

C

21

23–73

M

25–100

7

7

●

Somerville

●

●

●

6

C+A

60

24–58

F

200–800

15

30

●

●

●

●

1961

Clark

●

●

●

24

●

C

60

26–52

F

200–800

20

20

●

●

Lorr

●

●

●

12

A

308

<50

M

50–100

63

61

●

Kurland

●

●

●

6

A

277

18–61

M+F

300

33

72

●

●

●

Schiele

●

●

●

16

●

C

80

m = 80

M

200–1000

20

20

●

●

●

●

Smith

●

●

●

14

●

C

30

m = 42

M+F

150–600

13

15

●

1963

Bishop

●

●

●

10

●

C

30

U/N

M+F

800

10

10

●

●

Fink

●

U/K

●

6

S

311

m = 31

M+F

1200

51

44

●

1964

NIMH

●

●

●

6

●

A

463

16–45

M+F

200–1600

112

125

●

1966

Reardon

●

●

●

4

●

A

34

U/K

M+F

300–600

11

12

●

●

Saretsky

●

●

12

●

A

40

<55

M

400

20

20

●

1967

Clark

●

●

10

●

C

72

25–55

F

678 m

51

21

●

Letemendia

●

●

39

C

28

<65

M

300

14

14

●

1968

Clark a

●

●

●

14

●

C

72

20–60

F

1000 max

18

36

●

●

●

Clark b

●

●

●

16

●

C

69

20–60

F

1000 max

23

23

●

●

Cohen

●

●

●

60

●

C

126

18–42

M+F

180

42

42

●

Prien

●

●

●

24

●

C

838

19–55

M+F

2000

208

212

●

●

●

●

●

300

208

1969

Tetreault

●

●

●

12

●

C

45

m = 50

F

300–600

15

15

●

●

●

●

1970

Clark a

●

●

●

12

●

C

44

22–55

M+F

200–1000

15

14

●

●

●

●

●

Clark b

●

●

24

●

C

71

21–60

F

150–600

54

18

●

●

●

1971

Clark

●

●

●

4

●

C

86

21–45

M+F

200–1000

23

21

●

●

●

1972

Clark

●

●

●

12

●

C

55

21–60

M+F

1000

19

18

●

●

●

●

Serafetinedes

●

●

●

12

●

C

57

21–61

M+F

1000 max

14

13

●

●

●

1973

Hogarty

●

●

156

●

S

374

18–53

M+F

270 m

192

182

●

●

Klein

●

●

6

●

88

17–61

M+F

300–1200

46

42

●

1974

Reschke

●

●

●

0.1

●

A

50

19–57

M+F

25 im

10

11

●

●

●

1975

Ban

●

●

●

12

●

C+A

30

17–46

M+F

200–800

10

10

●

●

Hamill

●

0.7

●

A

44

18–55

M+F

306–475

22

22

●

1977

Clark

●

●

●

12

●

C

27

23–61

M+F

1000

9

9

●

●

●

Spohn

●

●

6+

●

U/K

40

18–55

M+F

200 min

20

20

●

1978

Rappaport

●

U/K

●

A

127

16–40

M

300–900

53

74

●

●

1981

Peet

●

●

●

12

●

U/K

53

m = 51

M+F

400 max

16

18

●

●

●

1982

Nishikawa

●

●

●

156

●

S

55

m = 33

M+F

75

10

10

●

1986

Zuoze

●

●

4

●

C

60

m = 36

U/K

450 m

20

20

●

1990

Chouinard

●

●

●

4

●

A

62

19–62

M+F

300–1200

21

21

●

●

●

●

1991

Borison

●

●

●

4

●

A

30

22–58

M

400–1600

9

10

●

●

2000

Cooper

●

●

●

8

●

C

159

18–42

M+F

600

53

53

●

●

●

Key: ● = Yes; U/K = Unknown; C = Chronic; A = Acute; M = Male; F = Female; m = Mean; im = Intramuscular injection.

Adams et al. BMC Medicine 2005 3:15   doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-15