Table 1

Included studies.


METHODS
 PARTICIPANTS
 INTERVENTIONS
 OUTCOMES
INCLUDED STUDIES (date of publication)
 Randomised
 Double-blind
 Three+ arm study
 Duration (weeks)
 Only Schizophrenia
 History
 Total number of participants
 Age (years)
 Sex
 CPZ dose (mg/day)
 Number allocated CPZ
 Number allocated placebo
 Leaving the study early
 Global improvement
 Mental State
 Side-effects
 Global clinical state
 Behaviour
 Relapse
1955
 Hall
 ●
 ●
9
 ●
 C
 175
 20–59
 M+F
 750 max
 87
 88
 ●
 ●
●
●

Vaughan
 ●
 ●
U/K
C
 48
 M = 43
 F
 75–450
 24
 24
●




1956
 Shepherd
 ●
 U/K
 ●
 6
 ●
 C
 24
 27–52
 F
 300
 8
 8
 ●
 ●




1958
 Abrams
 ●

4
 ●
 C
 40
 20–55
 F
 200–600
 20
 20
 ●






Grygier
 ●
 U/K
24
 ●
 C
 30
 m = 50
 F
 150
 15
 15
●





Hine
 ●
 ●
20
 ●
 C
 22
 30–50
 F
 750 max
 11
 11
 ●
 ●
●



Simon
 ●
●
 4
U/K
 80
 m = 31
 U/K
 200–1200
 20
 0
 ●





1959
 Baker
 ●
 ●
 ●
 5
C
 25
 33–79
 F
 150–300
 7
 7
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●



Flemming
 ●
 ●
 ●
 26
 ●
 C
 63
 m = 58
 F
 75–300
 21
 21
 ●

●
●

Walsh
 ●
 U/K
 ●
 8
 ●
 C
 66
 27–50
 F
 75–300
 22
 22
●
●


1960
 Englhardt
 ●
 ●
 ●
 78
 ●
 U/K
 173
 18–40
 U/K
 50–800
 62
 56
 ●




●

Hamilton
 ●
 ●
 ●
 8
 ●
 C
 54
 m = 38
 M
 300
 18
 18
 ●

●



Payne
 ●
 ●
 ●
 6
 ●
 C
 21
 23–73
 M
 25–100
 7
 7


●



Somerville
 ●
 ●
 ●
 6
C+A
 60
 24–58
 F
 200–800
 15
 30
 ●
 ●
●
●
1961
 Clark
 ●
 ●
 ●
 24
 ●
 C
 60
 26–52
 F
 200–800
 20
 20
●
●



Lorr
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
A
 308
 <50
 M
 50–100
 63
 61
 ●






Kurland
 ●
 ●
 ●
 6
A
 277
 18–61
 M+F
 300
 33
 72
 ●
 ●
●



Schiele
 ●
 ●
 ●
 16
 ●
 C
 80
 m = 80
 M
 200–1000
 20
 20
 ●
●
 ●
 ●


Smith
 ●
 ●
 ●
 14
 ●
 C
 30
 m = 42
 M+F
 150–600
 13
 15




●
1963
 Bishop
 ●
 ●
 ●
 10
 ●
 C
 30
 U/N
 M+F
 800
 10
 10
 ●
 ●





Fink
 ●
 U/K
 ●
 6
S
 311
 m = 31
 M+F
 1200
 51
 44
 ●





1964
 NIMH
 ●
 ●
 ●
 6
 ●
 A
 463
 16–45
 M+F
 200–1600
 112
 125
 ●





1966
 Reardon
 ●
 ●
 ●
 4
 ●
 A
 34
 U/K
 M+F
 300–600
 11
 12
 ●
 ●





Saretsky
 ●
 ●
12
 ●
 A
 40
 <55
 M
 400
 20
 20
 ●





1967
 Clark
 ●
 ●
10
 ●
 C
 72
 25–55
 F
 678 m
 51
 21
 ●






Letemendia
 ●
 ●
39
C
 28
 <65
 M
 300
 14
 14
 ●





1968
 Clark a
 ●
 ●
 ●
 14
 ●
 C
 72
 20–60
 F
 1000 max
 18
 36
 ●
 ●
●



Clark b
 ●
 ●
 ●
 16
 ●
 C
 69
 20–60
 F
 1000 max
 23
 23
 ●

●



Cohen
 ●
 ●
 ●
 60
 ●
 C
 126
 18–42
 M+F
 180
 42
 42
 ●






Prien
 ●
 ●
 ●
 24
 ●
 C
 838
 19–55
 M+F
 2000
 208
 212
●
●
 ●
 ●
 ●











300
 208







1969
 Tetreault
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 C
 45
 m = 50
 F
 300–600
 15
 15
 ●
●
 ●
●
1970
 Clark a
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 C
 44
 22–55
 M+F
 200–1000
 15
 14
 ●
 ●
●
 ●
 ●

Clark b
 ●
●
 24
 ●
 C
 71
 21–60
 F
 150–600
 54
 18
 ●

●
●
1971
 Clark
 ●
 ●
 ●
 4
 ●
 C
 86
 21–45
 M+F
 200–1000
 23
 21
 ●
 ●
●


1972
 Clark
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 C
 55
 21–60
 M+F
 1000
 19
 18
 ●
 ●
●
 ●


Serafetinedes
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 C
 57
 21–61
 M+F
 1000 max
 14
 13
 ●
 ●
●


1973
 Hogarty
 ●
 ●
156
 ●
 S
 374
 18–53
 M+F
 270 m
 192
 182
 ●




●

Klein
 ●
 ●
6
 ●
88
 17–61
 M+F
 300–1200
 46
 42
 ●





1974
 Reschke
 ●
 ●
 ●
 0.1
 ●
 A
 50
 19–57
 M+F
 25 im
 10
 11
 ●
 ●
●


1975
 Ban
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 C+A
 30
 17–46
 M+F
 200–800
 10
 10
 ●
 ●





Hamill
 ●

0.7
 ●
 A
 44
 18–55
 M+F
 306–475
 22
 22
 ●





1977
 Clark
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 C
 27
 23–61
 M+F
 1000
 9
 9
 ●
 ●
●



Spohn
 ●
 ●
6+
 ●
 U/K
 40
 18–55
 M+F
 200 min
 20
 20





●
1978
 Rappaport
 ●

U/K
 ●
 A
 127
 16–40
 M
 300–900
 53
 74
 ●




●
1981
 Peet
 ●
 ●
 ●
 12
 ●
 U/K
 53
 m = 51
 M+F
 400 max
 16
 18
 ●

●

●
1982
 Nishikawa
 ●
 ●
 ●
 156
 ●
 S
 55
 m = 33
 M+F
 75
 10
 10





●
1986
 Zuoze
 ●
●
 4
 ●
 C
 60
 m = 36
 U/K
 450 m
 20
 20



●

1990
 Chouinard
 ●
 ●
 ●
 4
 ●
 A
 62
 19–62
 M+F
 300–1200
 21
 21
 ●
 ●
●
●
1991
 Borison
 ●
 ●
 ●
 4
 ●
 A
 30
 22–58
 M
 400–1600
 9
 10

●
●

2000
 Cooper
 ●
 ●
 ●
 8
 ●
 C
 159
 18–42
 M+F
 600
 53
 53
 ●
 ●
 ●



Key: ● = Yes; U/K = Unknown; C = Chronic; A = Acute; M = Male; F = Female; m = Mean; im = Intramuscular injection.

Adams et al. BMC Medicine 2005 3:15   doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-15