Additional file 1:

Supplementary tables and figures. 1. Table S1: Brain and body mass of primates used in the analyses. 2. Table S2: Posterior distribution of the scaling parameters to identify the best model before reconstructing ancestral states in Bayesian analysis. 3. Figure S1: Correlations between estimates made using directional constant variance random walk and non-directional constant variance random walk models in BayesTraits. 4. Table S3: Ancestral state estimates using most supported models. 5. Table S4: Change in absolute brain and body mass and relative brain mass along each branch. 6. Additional analyses in relation to H. floresiensis: • Table S5: Range of estimated decreases in brain mass during the evolution of H. floresiensis given scaling relationships during episodes of brain mass reduction. • Table S6: Estimated Log(body) and Log(brain) masses for the node at the base of the H. floresiensis terminal branch using the topologies proposed by Argue et al. [43]. • Table S7: Range of estimated decreases in brain mass during the evolution of H. floresiensis using the topologies proposed by Argue et al. [43] and given scaling relationships during brain mass reduction in primates.

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