Table 2 |
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Effect of antibiotics on rate of mortality by B. thuringiensis (Bt) and Enterobacter sp. NAB3 (EntB) on six Lepidoptera species. |
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LT25 (95% FL) a |
LT50 (95% FL) |
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|
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Species |
Bacterial treatment |
No antibiotics |
Antibiotics |
No antibiotics |
Antibiotics |
|
|
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|
Vanessa cardui |
untreated |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
|
Enterobacter |
no toxicity |
NAb |
no toxicity |
NA |
|
|
Bt DiPel 25 IU |
1.80 (1.54–2.26) |
13.20 (7.83 – >100)* |
1.91 (0.83–2.25) |
29.48 (12.44 – >100)* |
|
|
Bt DiPel 25 IU + EntB |
NA |
1.62 (1.24–1.95)# |
NA |
2.61 (2.21–2.97)# |
|
|
|
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|
Manduca sexta |
untreated |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
|
Enterobacter |
no toxicity |
NA |
no toxicity |
NA |
|
|
Bt DiPel 25 IU |
1.89 (1.48–2.23) |
no toxicity |
3.04 (2.63–3.44) |
no toxicity |
|
|
Bt DiPel 25 IU + EntB |
NA |
3.81 (3.24–4.31) |
NA |
5.95 (5.23–7.16) |
|
|
|
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|
Pieris rapae |
untreated |
10.34 (7.36–806.32) |
no toxicity |
16.62 (9.67–>100) |
No toxicity |
|
Enterobacter |
6.91 (5.21–14.02) |
no toxicity |
16.57 (9.79–96.47) |
no toxicity |
|
|
Bt DiPel 25 IU |
1.26 (1.02–1.47) |
12.95 (7.83–>100)* |
1.76 (1.52–1.99) |
27.38 (12.04–>100)* |
|
|
Bt DiPel 25 IU + EntB |
1.98 (1.66–2.27)# |
1.47 (1.23–1.67)# |
2.84 (2.52–3.16)# |
1.98 (1.75–2.20)# |
|
|
|
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|
Heliothis virescens |
untreated |
no toxicity |
NA |
no toxicity |
NA |
|
Enterobacter |
no toxicity |
NA |
no toxicity |
NA |
|
|
Bt DiPel 100 IU |
0.48 (0.17–0.80) |
8.62 (7.00–48.23)* |
1.13 (0.80–1.77) |
11.82 (8.48–267)* |
|
|
Bt DiPel 100 IU + EntB |
NA |
no toxicity |
NA |
no toxicity |
|
|
|
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Pectinophora gossypiella |
untreated |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
|
Enterobacter |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
|
|
Bt MVPII 10 μg |
17.87 (15.48–20.22) |
15.46 (13.44–16.68) |
20.99 (18.94–29.59) |
17.56 (16.21–19.20) |
|
|
Bt MVPII 10 μg + EntB |
7.11 (3.61–9.44)# |
6.30 (2.78–8.62)# |
13.71 (10.52–20.13) |
12.61 (9.42–18.18) |
|
|
|
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Lymantria dispar |
untreated |
15.16 (8.90–398.16) |
no toxicity |
40.09 (16.05–>100) |
no toxicity |
|
Enterobacter |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
no toxicity |
|
|
Bt MVPII 10 μg |
4.97 (4.28–5.68) |
9.52 (7.99–34.42)* |
8.17 (6.95–9.41) |
12.41 (10.40–125.70)* |
|
|
Bt MVPII 10 μg + EntB |
NA |
5.23 (4.62–5.81)# |
NA |
7.62 (6.76–9.24)# |
|
|
|
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Larval mortality rates were analyzed by PROC PROBIT. Estimates of the time (day) at which 25% and 50% of larvae died for each treatment are listed. Treatments with no significant mortality (X2 > 0.05) are defined as having no toxicity. A cut-off of > 100 was assigned to upper FL estimates (note: these are computational outputs, not actual estimates of larval lifespan). Bt mortality rates denoted with * are significantly different (non-overlapping fiducial limits (FL)) with their respective antibiotic treatment. Values denoted with # are significantly different with the addition of Enterobacter sp. NAB3, as compared with Bt alone. a Units are days, b NA = Not tested |
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Broderick et al. BMC Biology 2009 7:11 doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-11 |
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