Table 3 |
||||
| Variables associated with IPV by type among women during the 12 months prior to the survey | ||||
| Dependent variables | Psychological aggressionm | Physical assaultm | Sexual coercionm |
Physical assault with injurym N = 1040 |
| N = 1265 | N = 1271 | N = 1258 | ||
| OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | |
| Independent variables | ||||
| Demographics/socio-economics | ||||
| (Block 1) | ||||
| Marital statusa | ||||
| Married/cohabitant | 1.28 (0.82–2.01) | 1.19 (0.77–1.85) | 0.80 (0.55–1.15) | 1.07 (0.66–1.72) |
| Divorced/Separated | 0.34 (0.17–0.69) | 0.99 (0.45–2.17) | 0.40 (0.22–0.71) | 1.88 (0.92–3.82) |
| Widow | 0.65 (0.28–1.51) | 1.52 (0.61–3.82) | 0.46 (0.21–1.03) | 0.85 (0.33–2.17) |
| Singlec | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Children at homea | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Yes | 2.69 (1.51–4.79) | |||
| Noc | 1 | |||
| Housinga | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Non-conventionald | 1.12 (0.58–2.16) | |||
| Conventionalc, e | 1 | |||
| Educationa | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Lowf | 2.32 (0.92–5.83) | |||
| Middleg | 3.17 (1.31–7.64) | |||
| Highh | 3.33 (1.27–8.73) | |||
| Cannot read/writec | 1 | |||
| Occupational statusa | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Blue-collar worker | 0.82 (0.14–4.75) | |||
| Low white-collar worker | 0.66 (0.09–4.86) | |||
| Inter/high white-collar worker | 0.94 (0.14–6.23) | |||
| Student/otherc | 1 | |||
| Socio-economic statusa | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Work for othersi | 0.60 (0.11–3.28) | |||
| Liberal/own businessj | 0.85 (0.15–4.78) | |||
| Domestic/otherk | 1.70 (0.32–9.11) | |||
| Studentc | 1 | |||
| Salary/financial resourcesa | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Yes | 1.70 (0.92–3.16) | |||
| Noc | 1 | |||
| Financial straina | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | |
| Yes | 1.44 (0.83–2.49) | |||
| Noc | 1 | |||
| R2n | (7.1) | (2.1) | (3.4) | (7.5) |
| Life-style | ||||
| (Block 2) | ||||
| BMIb | NA1 | NA1 | NA1 | 1.01 (0.97 1.06) |
| Drinkinga | ||||
| Yes | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 1.33 (0.95–1.87) | 0.73 (0.49–1.10) |
| N0c | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Smokinga | NA1 | NA1 | ||
| Yes | 1.43 (0.65–3.14) | 2.22 (0.92–5.33) | ||
| Noc | 1 | 1 | ||
| R2n | (0.08) | (1) | (2.1) | (2.3) |
| Controlling behaviours over partner | ||||
| (Block 3) | ||||
| Controlb | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| R2n | (12.8) | (16.2) | (15) | (12.6) |
| Controlling behaviours by partner | ||||
| (Block 4) | ||||
| Controlb | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) |
| R2n | (0.05) | (4.1) | (1) | (6.6) |
| Perpetration | ||||
| (Block 5) | ||||
| Psychological aggressiona | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 4.04 (2.22–7.33) | 1.89 (1.10–3.27) | 1.95 (0.86–4.42) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Physical assaulta | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 2.40 (1.22–4.74) | 1.31 (0.88–1.94) | 1.39 (0.89–2.16) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sexual coerciona | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 0.95 (0.53–1.71) | 0.93 (0.57–1.52) | 1.95 (1.22–3.11) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | ||
| Physical assault with injurya | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 0.89 (0.33–2.40) | 3.56 (1.55–8.15) | 2.02 (1.22–3.32) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| R2n | (29.8) | (42.5) | (31.5) | (25.3) |
| Victimization | ||||
| (Block 6) | ||||
| Psychological aggressiona | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 8.37 (4.36–16.06) | 5.80 (3.24–10.39) | 2.81 (1.08–7.35) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Physical assaulta | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 13.63 (1.65–24.29) | 3.71 (2.41–5.70) | 10.61 (5.21–21.61) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sexual coerciona | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 8.23 (4.69–14.44) | 4.33 (2.70–6.95) | 1.14 (0.68–1.93) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Physical assault with injurya | NA1 | |||
| Yes | 4.25 (2.01–8.98) | 7.54 (4.21–13.53) | 1.11 (0.72–1.71) | |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| R2n | (19.9) | (9.2) | (6.5) | (6.2) |
| Abuse as a child | ||||
| (Block 7) | ||||
| Psychological abusea | ||||
| Yes | 1.40 (0.51–3.84) | 0.94 (0.40–2.24) | 1.56 (0.68–3.57) | 0.42 (0.18–1.02) |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Physical abusea | ||||
| Yes | 1.51 (1.01–2.25) | 0.91 (0.60–1.36) | 0.92 (0.65–1.28) | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sexual abusea | ||||
| Yes | 0.84 (0.30–2.34) | 0.59 (0.22–1.64) | 1.54 (0.66–3.57) | 2.28 (0.99–5.21) |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Injurya | ||||
| Yes | 0.53 (0.22–1.27) | 1.29 (0.58–2.88) | 1.71 (0.86–3.41) | 1.57 (0.80–3.07) |
| Noc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| R2n | (0.03) | (0.01) | (0.03) | (0.09) |
| Total R2 | (69.76) | (75.11) | (59.53) | (60.59) |
a= category variables; b = continuous variables; c = comparison categories; d = e.g. own/rent housing in local materials such as wood; e = e.g. own/rent housing in cement; f = primary school/similar.
g= secondary school/similar; h = university/similar; i = e.g. clerks; j = e.g. accountants; k = at home/unemployed; l = NA, non-applicable; m = different models are used in terms of independent variables; n = proportion of the total R2 explained by each block; R2 = Nagelkerke; OR, Odds Ratio; 95% CI = 95% Confidence interval.
Zacarias et al. BMC International Health and Human Rights 2012 12:35 doi:10.1186/1472-698X-12-35
