Table 3

Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between respiratory symptoms or health care use and having a parent who smokes.


at least one parent smokes
the mother smokes
the father smokes


AOR (95% CI) *
AOR (95% CI) †
AOR (95% CI) †
any respiratory symptoms
1.17 (0.99–1.39)
1.46 (1.16–1.84)
0.90 (0.73–1.11)
mild respiratory symptoms
1.27 (1,06–1.52)
1.50 (1.19–1.91)
0.97 (0.78–1.21)
severe respiratory symptoms
0.90 (0.71–1.14)
1.03 (0.75–1.40)
0.86 (0.64–1.15)
GP any reason
0.95 (0.79–1.14)
0.91 (0.71–1.16)
0.97 (0.78–1.22)
GP respiratory
0.92 (0.72–1.18)
0.71 (0.51–0.99)
1.20 (0.90–1.60)
GP non-respiratory
0.98 (0.79–1.23)
1.15 (0.86–1.55)
0.82 (0.62–1.08)
Specialized care
0.91 (0.67–1.22)
1.09 (0.75–1.59)
0.87 (0.61–1.25)

* doctor diagnosed asthma ever, gender of the child, weight at birth, siblings, being breast-fed, and age, ethnicity, education and allergic constitution of the parents. health care use also adjusted for respiratory symptoms

† additional adjustment for smoking by the other parent

Jacobs-van der Bruggen et al. BMC Health Services Research 2007 7:83   doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-83