Table 1

Characteristics of patients hospitalized in for-profit, not-for-profit, and government owned hospitals for AMI, CABG and Childbirth

AMI (N = 188117)

CABG (N = 82261)

Childbirth (N = 1091220)

NFP

N = 146309

N = 23134

Government

N = 18674

NFP

N = 66513

N = 8947

Government

N = 6801

NFP

N = 864954

N = 95406

Government

N = 130860

Age

Years,

mean (sd)

69.1^∧

(14.7)

70.0^∧

(14.6)

67.4^∧

(15.0)

67.1^∧

(10.8)

67.7^∧

(10.7)

65.9^∧

(11.0)

28.3^∧

(6.2)

26.8^∧

(6.1)

27.4^∧

(6.2)

Gender

Female,

number (%)

61919^‡

(42.3)

9544*

(41.3)

7641^∧

(40.9)

19098*

(28.7)

2553*

(28.5)

1877*

(27.6)

Race

White,

number (%)

103169^∧

(70.5)

16709^∧

(71.9)

10482^∧

(56.1)

47141^∧

(70.9)

7158^∧

(80.0)

4936^‡

(72.6)

426164^∧

(49.3)

44059^∧

(45.7)

37247^∧

(28.4)

Black,

number (%)

10460^∧

(7.2)

1805^∧

(7.8)

2296^∧

(12.3)

2901^∧

(4.4)

309^∧

(3.5)

548^∧

(8.1)

105164^∧

(12.1)

15469^∧

(16.0)

23303^∧

(17.8)

Hispanic,

number (%)

7326^∧

(5.0)

3104^∧

(13.4)

850^‡

(4.6)

2948^∧

(4.4)

781^∧

(8.7)

342^†

(5.0)

127197^∧

(14.7)

26006^∧

(27.0)

16271^∧

(12.4)

Asian/Pacific,

number (%)

1419^∧

(1.0)

112^∧

(0.5)

187*

(1.0)

642^∧

(1.0)

50*

(0.6)

48^†

(0.7)

31528^∧

(3.6)

1682^∧

(1.7)

3299^∧

(2.5)

Native American,

number (%)

512^‡

(0.4)

56*

(0.2)

46^†

(0.3)

275^†

(0.4)

22*

(0.3)

19*

(0.3)

6763^∧

(0.8)

360^∧

(0.4)

617^∧

(0.5)

Other,

number (%)

23423^∧

(15.9)

1348^∧

(5.8)

4813^∧

(25.8)

12606^∧

(18.9)

627^∧

(7.0)

908^∧

(13.4)

168138^∧

(19.4)

8864^∧

(9.2)

50123^∧

(38.3)

Admission Source

Emergency Department,

number (%)

96067^∧

(65.78)

17366^∧

(75.1)

12339*

(66.1)

13548^∧

(20.4)

2151^∧

(24.0)

1453*

(21.4)

41734^∧

(4.8)

3091^∧

(3.2)

23711^∧

(18.1)

Inter-hospital

transfer, number (%)

26255^∧

(17.9)

2388^∧

(10.3)

2491^∧

(13.3)

12480^∧

(18.8)

1284^∧

(14.4)

1182^‡

(17.4)

3118^∧

(0.4)

123^∧

(0.1)

567^∧

(0.4)

Nursing Home,

number (%)

4790*

(3.3)

704^∧

(3.0)

310^∧

(1.7)

1497^∧

(2.3)

297^∧

(3.3)

129*

(1.9)

3187^∧

(0.4)

91*

(0.1)

115^∧

(0.1)

Other, number (%)

19197^∧

(13.1)

2676^∧

(11.5)

3534^∧

(18.9)

38988*

(58.6)

5215*

(58.3)

4037*

(59.4)

816915^∧

(94.4)

90101^∧

(96.6)

106467^∧

(81.4)

Type of Delivery

Vaginal,

number (%)

596163^∧

(68.9)

64721^∧

(67.8)

90576^†

(69.2)

C-Section,

number (%)

268791^∧

(31.1)

30685^∧

(32.2)

40284^†

(30.8)

Comorbidity

COPD,

number (%)

30477^∧

(20.8)

5536^∧

(24.0)

3746^†

(20.1)

14417^∧

(21.7)

2236^∧

(25.0)

1352^∧

(19.9)

23182^∧

(2.7)

1532^∧

(1.6)

3223^∧

(2.5)

Diabetes

Uncomplicated,

number (%)

37207^†

(25.4)

5728^∧

(24.8)

5017^∧

(26.9)

18284*

(27.5)

2379^‡

(26.6)

1950^†

(28.7)

5243^∧

(0.6)

454^∧

(0.5)

969^∧

(0.7)

Renal failure,

number (%)

13948^∧

(9.5)

2652^∧

(11.4)

1692^†

(9.0)

4160*

(6.3)

607*

(6.8)

474^†

(7.0)

132*

(0.0)

9^†

(0.0)

31^†

(0.0)

Obesity,

number (%)

9614*

(6.6)

1478*

(6.4)

1110^‡

(5.9)

5787*

(8.7)

726*

(8.1)

524*

(7.7)

9485^∧

(1.1)

627^∧

(0.7)

1842^∧

(1.4)

Depression,

number (%)

6983^∧

(4.8)

920*

(4.0)

812^‡

(4.4)

2195^∧

(3.3)

223^∧

(2.5)

240*

(3.5)

13089^∧

(1.5)

873^∧

(0.9)

1945*

(1.5)

*: >0.05

†: ≤0.05

‡: <0.01

∧: <0.001

Symbol in NFP cell represents P-value for NFP vs. FP

Symbol in FP cell represents P-value for FP vs. Government

Symbol in Government cell represents P-value for Government vs. NFP

Cram et al. BMC Health Services Research 2010 10:90 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-90