Table 4 |
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|
Factors Associated with Improvements in Knowledge, Confidence and Communication. |
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|
Characteristic |
Change in %Correct, Knowledge Questions |
P Value |
Change in Confidence Scale Score |
P Value |
Change in Communications Practices Scale Score |
P Value |
|||
|
|
|||||||||
|
N |
(mean ± SD) |
N |
(mean ± SD) |
N |
(mean ± SD) |
||||
|
|
|||||||||
|
Overall change from baseline |
768 |
22.0 ± 13.2 |
735 |
10.5 ± 22.8 |
440 |
.33 ± 1.74 |
|||
|
Gender |
|||||||||
|
Male |
177 |
21.8 ± 14.2 |
.18* |
164 |
11.8 ± 20.6 |
.72# |
110 |
.26 ± 1.55 |
.52# |
|
Female |
591 |
22.0 ± 12.9 |
571 |
10.1 ± 23.5 |
330 |
.35 ± 1.81 |
|||
|
Delivery Method |
|||||||||
|
Push |
394 |
21.7 ± 12.7 |
.58* |
382 |
10.5 ± 22.6 |
.79# |
230 |
.27 ± 1.69 |
.16# |
|
Pull |
374 |
22.2 ± 13.7 |
353 |
10.4 ± 23.1 |
320 |
.38 ± 1.81 |
|||
|
Drip |
402 |
22.7 ± 13.5 |
.10* |
388 |
10.6 ± 23.6 |
.65# |
226 |
.35 ± 1.85 |
.74# |
|
Bolus |
366 |
21.2 ± 12.8 |
347 |
10.3 ± 22.0 |
214 |
.30 ± 1.62 |
|||
|
Practice Status |
|||||||||
|
Trainee |
263 |
22.9 ± 15.1 |
.84* |
248 |
15.7 ± 21.4 |
<.001# |
112 |
.28 ± 1.55 |
.56# |
|
Faculty/Practice |
505 |
21.5 ± 12.1 |
487 |
7.8 ± 23.1 |
328 |
.34 ± 1.81 |
|||
|
Seen Patients in last 30 days |
|||||||||
|
No |
231 |
24.9 ± 14.7 |
<.001* |
216 |
14.6 ± 22.7 |
<.001# |
|||
|
Yes |
537 |
20.7 ± 12.3 |
519 |
8.8 ± 22.7 |
Required for this measure |
||||
|
Paid CE Fee |
|||||||||
|
No |
319 |
20.5 ± 15.0 |
.012* |
307 |
7.4 ± 23.8 |
.006# |
122 |
.43 ± 1.57 |
.31# |
|
Yes |
449 |
23.0 ± 11.6 |
428 |
12.7 ± 21.9 |
318 |
.28 ± 1.81 |
|||
|
Age |
|||||||||
|
≤30 years |
198 |
24.4 ± 15.0 |
.005† |
187 |
15.4 ± 22.2 |
.001^ |
83 |
.27 ± 1.57 |
.51^ |
|
31–40 years |
121 |
19.6 ± 12.0 |
117 |
7.0 ± 24.0 |
75 |
.54 ± 1.60 |
|||
|
41–50 years |
229 |
20.8 ± 12.0 |
220 |
7.4 ± 23.1 |
145 |
.20 ± 1.72 |
|||
|
>50 years |
220 |
22.4 ± 13.0 |
211 |
11.3 ± 21.8 |
137 |
.38 ± 1.94 |
|||
|
Professional Group |
|||||||||
|
Nutrition/Dietician |
110 |
23.4 ± 10.6 |
<.001† |
111 |
2.9 ± 24.9 |
<.001^ |
60 |
.37 ± 1.84 |
.28# |
|
Nurse/NP |
205 |
23.3 ± 12.5 |
195 |
12.4 ± 23.8 |
126 |
.29 ± 2.06 |
|||
|
Physican/PA |
231 |
18.6 ± 12.4 |
218 |
9.2 ± 21.5 |
176 |
.44 ± 1.59 |
|||
|
Pharmacist |
43 |
20.0 ± 12.3 |
43 |
-3.4 ± 18.3 |
17 |
.56 ± 0.93 |
|||
|
Student |
179 |
24.4 ± 15.6 |
168 |
18.5 ± 19.6 |
61 |
-.05 ± 1.50 |
|||
|
No. Herbs and Supplement Used |
<.001† |
.76^ |
.47^ |
||||||
|
0 |
111 |
24.4 ± 15.0 |
103 |
7.8 ± 26.5 |
55 |
.32 ± 1.46 |
|||
|
1–3 |
241 |
23.5 ± 12.8 |
232 |
11.1 ± 24.4 |
133 |
.32 ± 1.57 |
|||
|
4–8 |
238 |
21.8 ± 13.8 |
231 |
10.6 ± 23.1 |
146 |
.47 ± 1.82 |
|||
|
9+ |
178 |
18.7 ± 11.0 |
169 |
11.0 ± 17.3 |
106 |
.14 ± 1.98 |
|||
|
Computer Expertise Self-Report Scale |
.003‡ |
.058‡ |
.50‡ |
||||||
|
1 (Novice) |
16 |
29.5 ± 11.9 |
12 |
23.9 ± 16.8 |
.52 ± 1.48 |
||||
|
2 |
38 |
20.9 ± 12.9 |
39 |
7.7 ± 25.7 |
.28 ± 1.37 |
||||
|
3 |
124 |
24.3 ± 12.0 |
120 |
12.4 ± 22.2 |
.33 ± 1.87 |
||||
|
4 |
227 |
22.7 ± 12.7 |
214 |
11.6 ± 22.9 |
.43 ± 1.65 |
||||
|
5 |
271 |
20.0 ± 12.9 |
264 |
9.1 ± 23.1 |
.25 ± 1.92 |
||||
|
6 |
85 |
23.1 ± 15.9 |
81 |
9.4 ± 21.7 |
.26 ± 1.45 |
||||
|
7 (Expert) |
7 |
11.7 ± 12.8 |
5 |
-1.0 ± 25.3 |
-.17 ± 1.04 |
||||
|
|
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|
* T test in conjunction with Levene test for equal variances. † One-way ANOVA. Pairwise analysis of subgroups not performed. ‡ Spearman's rho for correlation of ordinal with continuous variable (correlation coefficient = -.11 for knowledge change and -.07 for confidence change). # Mann Whitney test. ^ Kruskal Wallis test. Pairwise analysis of subgroups not performed. Notes: The Confidence Scale ranges from 19 to 95. A change in score of 19 is the equivalent of moving from one Likert scale category (Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, Strongly Agree) to an adjacent category for each of the 19 items in the scale. A change of 10 could represent similar change for 10 of 19 items, a change of two levels in 5 items, etc. The Communications Practices Scale ranges from 0 to 10. A change of 1.0 would be the approximate equivalent of increasing the frequency of practices by 10% in each of the 9 percentage items in the scale. A change of 0.2 could represent an increase in frequency of 20% in a single item. |
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|
Kemper et al. BMC Medical Education 2006 6:2 doi:10.1186/1472-6920-6-2 |
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