Table 1

Subject characteristics according to assigned treatment group

Randomized Treatment Group

Sham Manipulation
 Real Manipulation

Placebo Echinacea
 Real Echinacea
 Placebo Echinacea
 Real Echinacea
 Total Sample
Characteristic
 %
 %
 %
 %
 %
Age, years (median ± SD)
 1.5 ± 0.9
 1.5 ± 0.5
 1.6 ± 0.5
 1.6 ± 0.7
 1.5 ± 0.7
Ethnicity




     White, non Hispanic
 45%
 41%
 42%
 50%
 44%
     Hispanic
 41
 41
 38
 36
 39
     Native American
 9
 14
 4
 -
 7
     Black, non Hispanic
 5
 5
 4
 9
 6
     Asian
 -
 -
 8
 5
 3
     Other
 -
 -
 4
 -
 1
Male gender
 68
 59
 50
 50
 57
Breastfed ≥ 6 mo.
 27
 23
 29
 32
 28
Sibling(s) in home
 64
 68
 54
 50
 59
AOM ≥ 5× in past year
 32
 64
 30
 23
 37
Daycare attendance
 41
 64
 58
 64
 57
Cigarette smoke exposure
 23
 18
 25
 14
 20
Total number in group
 N = 22
 N = 22
 N = 24
 N = 22
 N = 90

Wahl et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008 8:56   doi:10.1186/1472-6882-8-56