Table 3

The larvicidal potentiality (mean mortality ± standard error) of different concentrations of chloroform:methanol (1:1, v/v) extract of the green berries of S. villosum and a synthetic insecticide, Malathion, on first and fourth instars larvae of S. aegypti. For first instar larvae: t = 2.07NS, 3.14*, 7.56* (between 15 and 10 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours); t = 5.2*, 26.62*, 13.99* (between 15 and 5 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours). For fourth instar larvae: t = 2NS, 1.99NS, 0.91NS (between 15 and 10 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours); t = 1.73NS, 1.89NS, 1.82NS (between 15 and 5 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours). * denotes significant (p < 0.05); NS, not significant (p > 0.05). Table value = 2.92 at five degrees of freedom. M, mortality (%); SE, standard error.
Instars of mosquito larvae
 Concentrations (ppm)
 Period of exposure (hours)




24
 48
 72
First
 15
 60 ± 1.92
 66.67 ± 5.67
 70 ± 2.93

10
 40 ± 5.57
 43.33 ± 3.84
 46.66 ± 3.84

5
 40 ± 5.57
 40 ± 5.67
 53.33 ± 1.92

Malathion (5 ppm)
 100 ± 0.00
 100 ± 0.00
 100 ± 0.00
Fourth
 15
 40 ± 1.92
 43.33 ± 3.84
 46.66 ± 5.57

10
 33.33 ± 3.84
 40 ± 1.92
 43.33 ± 5.56

5
 30 ± 5.57
 33.33 ± 2.93
 36.67 ± 2.84

Malathion (5 ppm)
 100 ± 0.00
 100 ± 0.00
 100 ± 0.00

Chowdhury et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008 8:10   doi:10.1186/1472-6882-8-10