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RCT Evidence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Improve Respiratory Outcomes in Asthma |
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| Study groups1 |
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| Author, Year, Location: Length & Design |
Group 1 (n)/Group 4 (n) |
Group 2 (n)/Group 3 (n) |
Jadad Total Quality/Allocation Concealment (Internal Validity) |
Applicability |
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| ADULTS |
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| Arm, 1988[18] England: 10-wk parallel RCT |
3.2 g/d EPA + 2.2 g/d DHA (n = NR) |
Olive oil placebo (dose: NR) (n = NR) |
4/Unclear |
III |
| Emelyanov, 2002[23] Russia: 8-wk parallel RCT |
200 mg/d EPA/DHA + 400 mg/d olive oil (n = 23) |
600 mg/d olive oil placebo (n = 23) |
5/Unclear |
III |
| Kirsch, 1988[22] USA: 8-wk parallel RCT |
4.0 g/d EPA ethyl ester (+ trace DHA) (n = 6) |
0.1 g/d EPA ethyl ester (+ trace DHA) (n = 6) |
3/Unclear |
I |
| McDonald, 1991[15] Australia: 10-wk crossover RCT |
2.7 g/d EPA + 1.8 g/d DHA (n = 15) |
15 g/d olive oil placebo (n = 15) |
3/Unclear |
III |
| Okamoto, 2000[19] Japan: 4-wk RCT |
10–20 g/d perilla seed oil (ALA: NR) (n = 7) |
10–20 g/d corn oil (n = 7) |
2/Unclear |
III |
| Stenius-Aarniala, 1989[21] Finland: 10-wk crossover RCT |
20 mL/d fish oil (EPA+DHA: NR) (n = 36) |
20 mL/d olive oil (n = 36)/20 mL/d evening primrose oil (n-6) (n = 36) |
2/Unclear |
III |
| Thien, 1993[20] England: 26-wk parallel RCT |
3.2 g/d EPA + 2.2 g/d DHA (n = NR) |
Olive oil placebo (dose: NR) (n = NR) |
4/Unclear |
III |
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| CHILDREN |
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| Hodge, 1998[17] Australia: 26-wk parallel RCT |
0.72 g/d EPA 0.48 g/d DHA + ALA (dose: NR) via canola diet (n = NR) |
n-6: 1.8 g/d safflower oil + 1.8 g/d palm oil + 0.4 g/d olive oil + sunflower diet (dose: NR) (n = NR) |
3/Unclear |
III |
| Nagakura, 2000[16] Japan: 10-mo parallel RCT |
17.0–26.8 mg/kg/d EPA; 7.3–11.5 mg/kg/d DHA (300 mg/d fish oil) (n = 15) |
300 mg/d olive oil placebo (n = 15) |
4/Unclear |
III |
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| AGE NOT REPORTED |
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| Dry, 1991[24] France: 9-mo parallel RCT |
1.0 g/d EPA+DHA (n = NR) |
"Placebo" (type & dose: NR) (n = NR) |
2/Unclear |
X |
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1Proceeding from highest omega-3, or lowest omega-6/omega-3, fatty acid content of intervention; n-6 = omega-6 FAs; ALA = alpha linolenic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; Length = intervention length; Design = research design; n = sample size; pts = study participants; NR = not reported; wk = week(s); mo = month; RCT = randomized controlled trial; Jadad total quality score = /5; Applicability I = greatest applicability to North American population of asthma patients; Applicability II = somewhat narrow applicability; Applicability III = very narrow applicability; Applicability X = insufficient data to determine applicability | ||||
Reisman et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2006 6:26 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-26 |
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