Table 6 |
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Predictors of all-cause mortality in patients who died within 3 years of diabetes diagnosis or after this time |
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Died within 3 years of diabetes diagnosis n = 153 |
Died 3 years after diabetes diagnosis or later n = 145 |
Heterogeneity, p-valuec |
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|
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|
Sex |
Women |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Men |
1.51 (1.15-2.00)** |
1.77 (1.34-2.35)*** |
0.30 |
|
|
Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) |
0.88 (0.78-1.01) |
0.88 (0.77-1.01) |
0.50 |
|
|
Living alone |
No |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Yes |
0.99 (0.73-1.34) |
1.19 (0.86-1.64) |
0.31 |
|
|
Education |
Higher |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Basic |
0.86 (0.61-1.23) |
1.20 (0.84-1.71) |
0.014 |
|
|
Diagnostic plasma glucose (mmol/l)a |
1.08 (0.77-1.53) |
1.16 (0.83-1.64) |
0.11 |
|
|
Fasting triglycerides (mmol/l) |
1.02 (0.98-1.06) |
1.02 (0.97-1.07) |
0.95 |
|
|
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) |
0.91 (0.83-0.99)* |
0.94 (0.86-1.03) |
0.079 |
|
|
Urinary albumin (mg/l)a |
1.14 (1.04-1.24)** |
1.18 (1.08-1.30)*** |
0.24 |
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
0.97 (0.95-1.00)* |
0.98 (0.96-1.01) |
0.043 |
|
|
Resting heart rate (beats/min)b |
1.17 (1.06-1.28)*** |
1.20 (1.09-1.31)*** |
0.081 |
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)b |
0.95 (0.90-1.00) |
0.96 (0.91-1.02) |
0.047 |
|
|
Physical activity |
Active |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Sedentary |
1.29 (0.94-1.75) |
1.99 (1.47-2.70)*** |
0.020 |
|
|
Smoking |
Never |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Former |
1.42 (0.97-2.08) |
2.05 (1.42-2.94)*** |
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|
Current |
1.36 (0.95-1.93) |
1.68 (1.18-2.40)** |
0.12 |
|
|
Self-rated health |
Excellent |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Good |
1.17 (0.71-1.92) |
1.48 (0.90-2.43) |
||
|
Fair |
1.59 (1.02-2.48)* |
1.90 (1.21-2.99)** |
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|
Poor/Very poor |
2.05 (1.14-3.68)* |
2.96 (1.66-5.27)*** |
0.31 |
|
|
Cardiovascular disease |
No |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Yes |
1.96 (1.47-2.61)*** |
2.35 (1.73-3.19)*** |
0.29 |
|
|
Diabetic retinopathy |
No |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Yes |
0.84 (0.39-1.80) |
1.41 (0.71-2.80) |
0.32 |
|
|
Peripheral neuropathy |
No |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Yes |
0.94 (0.65-1.36) |
1.47 (1.04-2.10)* |
0.062 |
|
|
Cancer (former or present) |
No |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Yes |
1.51 (0.84-2.70) |
2.29 (1.31-4.02)** |
0.30 |
|
|
|
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Values are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) with p-values from univariate Cox regression analyses with separate hazard ratios for deaths within 3 years of diabetes diagnosis and after this time. n = 1,025 for survivors. a The characteristic is log-transformed in the analysis b Hazard ratio estimates risk increase per 10 units of the factor c p-values from the Wald test for the null-hypothesis that the hazard ratios for deaths < 3 years and ≥ 3 years after diabetes diagnosis are the same *p < 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 |
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de Fine Olivarius et al. BMC Endocrine Disorders 2010 10:14 doi:10.1186/1472-6823-10-14 |
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