Table 4 |
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Summary of ecological and chromosomal divergence between molecular froms of An. gambiae in Cameroon. |
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M form |
S form |
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Ecological niche |
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Fundamental niche |
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Breadth |
Limited, mainly restricted to the forest biome South of the country |
Large, encompassing all biogeographic domains |
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Discriminant EGVs |
Rainforest landscape, high Water Vapor Pressure, High rainfall, Proximity of permanent water bodies |
Sunlight exposure, High temperature and evapotranspiration, "open" landscapes (savannas, croplands) |
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Overlap |
Extensive overlap with S Limited overlap with An. arabiensis |
Limited overlap with M Large overlap with An. arabiensis |
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Realized niche |
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Geographical distribution |
Patchy |
Continuous |
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Co-occurrence |
Extensive sympatry with S Limited sympatry with An. arabiensis |
Extensive sympatry with M (South) Extensive sympatry with An. arabiensis (North) |
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Chromosome-2 polymorphism |
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Level of polymorphisma |
Low (1/Σpi2 = 1.71) |
High (1/Σpi2 = 7.41) |
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No. of karyotypes observed |
12 |
29 |
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No. of "private" karyotypesb |
1 |
18 |
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Segregation of karyotypes along environmental gradients |
Yes |
Yes |
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Segregation of karyotypes in chromosomal clusters |
Yes |
Yes |
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a 1/Σpi2: chromosomal diversity index, where pi is the frequency each karyotype in the population [72]. b Number of haplotypes that were found in only one molecular form. |
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Simard et al. BMC Ecology 2009 9:17 doi:10.1186/1472-6785-9-17 |
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