Table 7

Tabulated summary of the specific analyses of failed or false negative analysis where such has been explicitly contained within the publication.

Authors
Year
Comment

Bendavid [56]
2002
The one false negative case occurred in a patient with liver metastases.
Also 'evidently metastatic nodes' did not receive colourant
Paramo [57]
2002
No specific analysis presented.
Wood [58]
2002
All five false negatives occurred in T3 or T4 tumors (in one case the only positive non-sentinel node was involved by direct extension). Three occurred in 1st 30 cases
Bilchik [59]
2002
All five false negatives occurred in T3 or T4 tumors. Three occurred in the first fifty cases.
Kitagawa [60]
2002
Four false negative cases were advanced T3 and/or had massive lymph node metastases
Feig [61]
2002
Also 'several patients' (of ten) classified as false negative had 'palpable lymph nodes'
Broderick-Villa [62]
2002
Learning curve strongly associated with false negative rate (67% in first half, 32% in second half). No significant association with T-stage, LN involvement or tumor diameter > or < 4 cm
Veihl [70]
2003
Amount of dye relative to tumor size was an important predictor of identification of node. False negative more common in cases with larger nodes (4.5 cm v 3.4 cm, p = 0.09)
Bilchik [83]
2006
Of the six false negatives, four were attributable to tumor obliteration of the lymphatic channels
Saha [85]
2006
95% of patients with skip metastases were T3 or T4
Thomas [87]
2006
Two patients with liver metastases along with two others with gross mesenteric disease had false positive sentinel nodes. No relationship between BMI and disease

Kelder [89]
2006
In one of the two false negatives, the non-SLNs were involved by extra-nodal tumor invasion
Bembenek [92]
2007
Significant association with learning curve/center experience, BMI (cut-off level being 22 patients and a BMI of 25 respectively) & LVI. No significant association between detection and T stage, age, sex, vascular invasion, no of nodes, total no of nodes.
Sandrucci [93]
2007
'Skip metastases' were all correlated with 'T2 lesions with massive lymphatic involvement'
Tiffet [94]
2007
Three of 12 false negatives were in patients with direct tumor involvement of adjacent non-sentinel epicolic nodes while four were in N2 patients. False negative rate markedly lower in the subgroup with T1 and T2 tumors only. and in those with BMI < 30 kg/m2

Cahill et al. BMC Surgery 2008 8:17   doi:10.1186/1471-2482-8-17