|
Average (SD) stiffness (N/mm) at 25, 50, and 75% of failure force for whiplash-exposed human cervical ligaments. Mechanical property data were obtained at an average peak elongation rate of 725 (SD 95) mm/s. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among ligaments are indicated in the column Significant. A blank entry indicates no significant difference was observed. |
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| Stiffness at 25% |
Significant |
Stiffness at 50% |
Significant |
Stiffness at 75% |
Significant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| ALL |
57.2 (34.5) |
ISL+SSL |
59.3 (35.5) |
LF,ISL+SSL |
60.2 (38.5) |
LF,ISL+SSL |
| MTD |
61.8 (48.9) |
85.9 (72.3) |
ISL+SSL |
104.2 (90.5) |
ISL+SSL |
|
| PLL |
55.2 (21.1) |
ISL+SSL |
55.4 (23.9) |
LF |
53.8 (30.1) |
LF |
| CL |
60.7 (29.3) |
ISL+SSL |
57.6 (28.6) |
LF,ISL+SSL |
52.0 (32.2) |
|
| LF |
77.2 (38.8) |
ISL+SSL |
96.5 (51.0) |
ALL,PLL,CL,ISL+SSL |
112.1 (61.8) |
ALL,PLL,ISL+SSL |
| ISL+SSL |
21.7 (10.1) |
ALL,PLL,CL,LF |
19.1 (9.4) |
ALL,MTD,CL,LF |
15.7 (9.4) |
ALL,MTD,LF |
|
ALL: anterior longitudinal ligament, MTD: middle-third disc, PLL: posterior longitudinal ligament, CL: capsular ligament, LF: ligamentum flavum, ISL+SSL: interspinous and supraspinous ligaments. | ||||||
Tominaga et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2006 7:103 doi:10.1186/1471-2474-7-103 |
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