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Table 3
Regression models of predictors for non-return to work. Adjusted for all the other variables
Adjusted model		3 months (n = 176)		12 months (n = 173)		24 months (n = 175)

		OR (95%CI)	p- value	OR (95%CI)	p- value	OR (95%CI)	p- value
Group	BI	1.0 (0.4-2.3)	0.96	1.1 (0.6-2.2)	0.77	1.3 (0.7-2.6)	0.45
	BI/PE	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Gender	Male	1.2 (0.5-2.8)	0.75	0.9 (0.4-1.8)	0.74	0.6 (0.3-1.3)	0.20
	Female	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Age	Under 41 years	1.4 (0.6-3.4)	0.42	1.7 (0.8-3.3)	0.16	2.9 (1.4-6.0)	0.003
	41 years or older	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Education	Higher education	1.5 (0.5-4.5)	0.49	0.6 (0.2-1.5)	0.27	0.4 (0.2-1.1)	0.08
	No higher education	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Workload	Constant back strain	4.2 (1.5-12)	0.006	2.1 (0.8-5.2)	0.11	1.2 (0.5-3.2)	0.65
	Seldom back strain	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Sleep problems	Sleep problems due to pain	1.2 (0.4-3.4)	0.77	1.0 (0.4-2.4)	0.93	1.9 (0.7-5.2)	0.20
	No sleep problems	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Reduced ability to walk	Reduced ability to walk due to pain	2.4 (0.8-7.0)	0.06	2.6 (1.3-5.4)	0.01	1.2 (0.6-2.5)	0.63
	Able to walk far	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Expectations of RTW	Negative expectations	4.2 (1.7-10)	0.001	1.9 (0.9-4.0)	0.11	2.0 (0.9-4.3)	0.10
	Positive expectations	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Physiotherapy	Had been to PT	3.3 (1.3-8.3)	0.01	2.1 (1.1-4.3)	0.048	0.8 (0.4-1.7)	0.56
	Had not been to PT	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Back pain intensity (1-10)	> 7 back pain intensity	1.6 (0.5-4.5)	0.41	0.5 (0.2-1.2)	0.13	1.5 (0.7-3.2)	0.32
	< 7 pain intensity	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Pain during activity (1-9)	> 6 pain intensity during activity	1.0 (0.4-2.6)	0.95	2.4 (1.1-5.1)	0.027	1.5 (0.7-3.2)	0.32
	< 6 pain intensity	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)
Pain during rest	> 4 pain intensity during rest	5.6 (1.7-19)	0.005	1.8 (0.8-3.8)	0.15	1.5 (0.7-3.3)	0.28
	< 4 pain intensity	1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)		1 (ref.)

Reme et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2009 10:139 doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-139

Table 3