Figure 2.

Effect of PDE4 inhibition on lung inflammatory markers at early stage fibrosis. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA levels in healthy controls treated with vehicle ("saline") and in mice suffering from fibrosis and treated either with vehicle ("bleo+ctrl") or cilomilast ("bleo+cilo") at days 4 and 7 after bleomycin administration. RT-qPCR data are normalized to β-actin expression and presented as ΔCt values ± SEM, n = 6. * saline vs. bleo+ctrl (***p < 0.001), † bleo+ctrl vs. bleo+cilo († p < 0.05, ††† p < 0.001), # saline vs. bleo+cilo (# p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001).