The association of urinary cadmium with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a general population sample of US adult men

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-72

BMC Public Health
Volume 8

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Menke A
Guallar E
Shiels MS
Rohrmann S
Basaria S
Rifai N
Nelson WG
Platz EA

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Menke A
Guallar E
Shiels MS
Rohrmann S
Basaria S
Rifai N
Nelson WG
Platz EA
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Research article

The association of urinary cadmium with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a general population sample of US adult men

Andy Menke¹ , Eliseo Guallar¹^,2 , Meredith S Shiels¹ , Sabine Rohrmann³ , Shehzad Basaria⁴ , Nader Rifai⁵ , William G Nelson⁴^,6^,7^,8^,9^,10^,11 and Elizabeth A Platz¹^,10^,11

¹Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA

²Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain

³Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

⁴Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

⁵Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, USA

⁶Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

⁷Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

⁸Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

⁹Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

¹⁰The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA

¹¹The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA

author email corresponding author email

BMC Public Health 2008, 8:72doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-72


Published:	23 February 2008

Abstract

Background

Studies investigating the association of cadmium and sex steroid hormones in men have been inconsistent, but previous studies were relatively small.

Methods

In a nationally representative sample of 1,262 men participating in the morning examination session of phase I (1998–1991) of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, creatinine corrected urinary cadmium and serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones were measured following a standardized protocol.

Results

After adjustment for age and race-ethnicity, higher cadmium levels were associated with higher levels of total testosterone, total estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, estimated free testosterone, and estimated free estradiol (each p-trend < 0.05). After additionally adjusting for smoking status and serum cotinine, none of the hormones maintained an association with urinary cadmium (each p-trend > 0.05).

Conclusion

Urinary cadmium levels were not associated with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a large nationally representative sample of US men.