Table 3

Penalized spline Proportional Hazard model adjusted estimates of the association of income and mortality risk, healthy restricted population, age 18–64, NHANES mortality follow-up cohort, 1988–2001

Women (n = 6307)

Men (n = 5426)

All-cause (women = 169, men = 181)

Chi-square

df

p-value

Chi-square

df

p-value

Model 1. age, marital status, race/ethnicity

26

1.9

<0.001

10

2.1

<0.01

Model 2. model 1 + occupation and education

27

1.9

<0.001

11

2.1

<0.01

Model 3. model 2 + labor force participation

27

1.8

<0.001

11

2.1

<0.01

heart disease (women = 30, men = 46)

Model 1. age, marital status, race/ethnicity

4.7

1.6

<0.1

27

1.7

<0.001

Model 2. model 1 + occupation and education

6.0

1.6

<0.05

13

1.6

<0.001

Model 3. model 2 + labor force participation

7.0

1.6

<0.05

13

1.6

<0.001

Cancer (women = 63, men = 50)

Model 1. age, marital status, race/ethnicity

11

1.8

<0.01

10

1.4

<0.01

Model 2. model 1 + occupation and education

11

1.8

<0.01

8.4

1.5

<0.01

Model 3. model 2 + labor force participation

11

1.8

<0.01

8.7

1.4

<0.01

Injury (women = 11, men = 32)

Model 1. age, marital status, race/ethnicity

10

1.0

<0.001

9.5

1.4

<0.01

Model 2. model 1 + occupation and education

8.2

1.0

<0.01

9.0

1.3

<0.01

Model 3. model 2 + labor force participation

7.3

1.0

<0.01

9.4

1.3

<0.01

Rehkopf et al. BMC Public Health 2008 8:383   doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-383