Table 1

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in population-based studies from America




Prevalence of CKD




Author [ref.] year
Country
Study population, study design, number of participants, response, age, gender
MDRD equation
CG/BSA equation





Amato et al. [18] 2005
Mexico
Randomly selected participants from primary care facilities in a large city, cross-sectional study, N = 3564, response NR, aged >18 yrs., gender NR.
NR


Overall: 8.5%






Brown et al. [19] 2005
USA
Participants of the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) in 33 states, cross-sectional study, N = 6071, response NR, aged 18–101 yrs. (mean age: 52 yrs.), 32% males.
Overall: 15.6%
Men: 14.4%, Women: 16.2%


NR




Age (yrs.)
Men
Women





18–30
2.4%
2.7%





31–45
5.4%
6.4%





46–60
9.5%
11.5%





61–75
24.3%
29.9%





76+
45.6%
45.0%







Coresh et al. [20] 2005
USA
Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1999–2000), cross-sectional study, N = 4101, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47.7% males.
Overall: 3.8%
Men: 2.7%, women: 4.8%
White: 4.2%, African American: 3.4%, Mexican American: 1.2%, other: 3.2%


NR




Age (yrs.)







20–39
0.5%






40–59
1.5%






60–69
6.2%






70+
23.1%








Coresh et al. [21] 2003
USA
Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988–1994), cross-sectional study, N = 15600, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47% males.
Overall: 4.5%
Men: 3.6%, Women: 5.3%
White: 5.0%, African American: 3.3%, Mexican American: 1.0%, other: 2.2%


Overall: 7.0%
Men: 6.3%, Women: 7.7%
White: 7.5%, African American: 7.8%, Mexican American: 1.8%, other: 4.1%




Age (yrs.)


Age (yrs.)




20–39
0.2%

20–39
-



40–59
1.8%

40–59
0.8%



60–69
7.6%

60–69
10.5%



70+
24.9%

70+
49.2%





Fox et al. [22] 2006
USA
Participants from the sixth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study, cohort study, N = 3047, response NR, mean age: 59 yrs., 48% males.
Overall: 8.6%


NR






Garg et al. [23] 2004
Canada
Participants from long-term care facilities in the elderly, retrospective cross-sectional study, N = 9931, response 85%, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 82 yrs.), 26% males.
Overall: 35.7%
Men: 27.1%, Women: 38.8%


NR




Age (yrs.)
Men
Women





65–69
9.2%
22.8%





70–74
14.9%
23.8%





75–79
21.7%
29.2%





80–84
27.5%
35.2%





85–89
32.8%
41.9%





90–94
40.5%
47.3%





95+
37.8%
50.7%







Hemmelgarn et al. [24] 2006
Canada
Participants from community-dwelling elderly in Calgary Health region, cohort study, N = 10184, response NR, aged ≥ 66 yrs., 42.6% males.
Overall: 35.4%
Men: 32%, Women: 38.2%


NR






Kramer et al. [25] 2005
USA
Participants of the Dallas Heart Study, cross-sectional survey, N = 2660, response NR, aged 30–65 yrs.(mean age: 43.9 yrs.), 49.5% males.
Overall: 1.5%


NR






Manjunath et al. [26] 2003
USA
Participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), cohort study, N = 4893, response NR, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 75.4 yrs.), 44.5% males.
Overall: 23.4%
Men: 25%, Women: 22.2%


NR






McClellan et al. [27] 2006
USA
Randomly selected participants of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, cohort study, N = 20667, response NR, aged ≥ 45 yrs., 48.8% males.
Overall: 43.3%
Men: 38.9%, Women: 47.5% White: 49.9%, African American: 33.7%


NR




Age (yrs.)







45–54
19.3%






55–64
31.6%






65–74
51.3%






75–84
62.7%






85+
71.0%




MDRD: simplified equation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.

CG/BSA: Cockcroft-Gault formula adjusted by Body Surface Area.

GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate. NR: Not reported.

Zhang and Rothenbacher BMC Public Health 2008 8:117   doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-117