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Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in population-based studies from America |
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| Prevalence of CKD |
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| Author [ref.] year |
Country |
Study population, study design, number of participants, response, age, gender |
MDRD equation |
CG/BSA equation |
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| Amato et al. [18] 2005 |
Mexico |
Randomly selected participants from primary care facilities in a large city, cross-sectional study, N = 3564, response NR, aged >18 yrs., gender NR. |
NR |
Overall: 8.5% |
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| Brown et al. [19] 2005 |
USA |
Participants of the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) in 33 states, cross-sectional study, N = 6071, response NR, aged 18–101 yrs. (mean age: 52 yrs.), 32% males. |
Overall: 15.6% Men: 14.4%, Women: 16.2% |
NR |
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| Age (yrs.) |
Men |
Women |
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| 18–30 |
2.4% |
2.7% |
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| 31–45 |
5.4% |
6.4% |
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| 46–60 |
9.5% |
11.5% |
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| 61–75 |
24.3% |
29.9% |
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| 76+ |
45.6% |
45.0% |
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| Coresh et al. [20] 2005 |
USA |
Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1999–2000), cross-sectional study, N = 4101, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47.7% males. |
Overall: 3.8% Men: 2.7%, women: 4.8% White: 4.2%, African American: 3.4%, Mexican American: 1.2%, other: 3.2% |
NR |
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| Age (yrs.) |
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| 20–39 |
0.5% |
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| 40–59 |
1.5% |
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| 60–69 |
6.2% |
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| 70+ |
23.1% |
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| Coresh et al. [21] 2003 |
USA |
Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988–1994), cross-sectional study, N = 15600, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47% males. |
Overall: 4.5% Men: 3.6%, Women: 5.3% White: 5.0%, African American: 3.3%, Mexican American: 1.0%, other: 2.2% |
Overall: 7.0% Men: 6.3%, Women: 7.7% White: 7.5%, African American: 7.8%, Mexican American: 1.8%, other: 4.1% |
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| Age (yrs.) |
Age (yrs.) |
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| 20–39 |
0.2% |
20–39 |
- |
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| 40–59 |
1.8% |
40–59 |
0.8% |
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| 60–69 |
7.6% |
60–69 |
10.5% |
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| 70+ |
24.9% |
70+ |
49.2% |
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| Fox et al. [22] 2006 |
USA |
Participants from the sixth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study, cohort study, N = 3047, response NR, mean age: 59 yrs., 48% males. |
Overall: 8.6% |
NR |
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| Garg et al. [23] 2004 |
Canada |
Participants from long-term care facilities in the elderly, retrospective cross-sectional study, N = 9931, response 85%, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 82 yrs.), 26% males. |
Overall: 35.7% Men: 27.1%, Women: 38.8% |
NR |
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| Age (yrs.) |
Men |
Women |
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| 65–69 |
9.2% |
22.8% |
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| 70–74 |
14.9% |
23.8% |
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| 75–79 |
21.7% |
29.2% |
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| 80–84 |
27.5% |
35.2% |
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| 85–89 |
32.8% |
41.9% |
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| 90–94 |
40.5% |
47.3% |
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| 95+ |
37.8% |
50.7% |
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| Hemmelgarn et al. [24] 2006 |
Canada |
Participants from community-dwelling elderly in Calgary Health region, cohort study, N = 10184, response NR, aged ≥ 66 yrs., 42.6% males. |
Overall: 35.4% Men: 32%, Women: 38.2% |
NR |
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| Kramer et al. [25] 2005 |
USA |
Participants of the Dallas Heart Study, cross-sectional survey, N = 2660, response NR, aged 30–65 yrs.(mean age: 43.9 yrs.), 49.5% males. |
Overall: 1.5% |
NR |
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| Manjunath et al. [26] 2003 |
USA |
Participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), cohort study, N = 4893, response NR, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 75.4 yrs.), 44.5% males. |
Overall: 23.4% Men: 25%, Women: 22.2% |
NR |
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| McClellan et al. [27] 2006 |
USA |
Randomly selected participants of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, cohort study, N = 20667, response NR, aged ≥ 45 yrs., 48.8% males. |
Overall: 43.3% Men: 38.9%, Women: 47.5% White: 49.9%, African American: 33.7% |
NR |
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| Age (yrs.) |
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| 45–54 |
19.3% |
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| 55–64 |
31.6% |
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| 65–74 |
51.3% |
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| 75–84 |
62.7% |
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| 85+ |
71.0% |
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MDRD: simplified equation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. CG/BSA: Cockcroft-Gault formula adjusted by Body Surface Area. GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate. NR: Not reported. | |||||||
Zhang and Rothenbacher BMC Public Health 2008 8:117 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-117 |
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