Table 5

Cox's proportional hazard regression model for smoking status and emergency department presentation by sex and age group in NSW, 2002–2004

Sex, age and smoking status
Emergency Department Presentation Prevalence Rate Ratioa(95% CI)

Males
16–29 years
30–59 years
60+ years
Total Males

Current smoker
1.86* (1.14, 3.03)
1.28 (0.98, 1.68)
0.79 (0.61, 1.04)
1.34† (1.12, 1.61)
Ex-smoker
1.62† (1.21, 2.16)
1.21 (0.72, 2.03)
1.06 (0.83, 1.35)
1.28* (1.00, 1.64)
Never smoker
1
1
1
1

Females
16–29 years
30–59 years
60+ years
Total Females

Current smoker
1.78* (1.20, 2.65)
1.27 (1.00, 1.61)
1.14* (1.03, 1.25)
1.38† (1.32,,1.45)
Ex-smoker
1.45* (1.08, 1.95)
1.30* (1.04, 1.62)
1.17 (0.98, 1.41)
1.29† (1.10, 1.51)
Never smoker
1
1
1
1

Persons
16–29 years
30–59 years
60+ years
Total Persons

Current smoker
1.82† (1.32, 2.50)
1.29† (1.11, 1.50)
1.00 (0.90, 1.11)
1.38† (1.25, 1.52)
Ex-smoker
1.53† (1.22, 1.93)
1.26 (1.00, 1.60)
1.17† (1.08, 1.28)
1.30† (1.11, 1.51)
Never smoker
1
1
1
1

Source: New South Wales Population Health Survey, Centre for Epidemiology and Research, NSW Department of Health.

a Controlling for alcohol consumption, psychological distress, household income and marital status.

† P < 0.01. * P < 0.05.

Indig et al. BMC Public Health 2007 7:46   doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-46