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General characteristics of users and non-users of nonvitamin/nonmineral supplements |
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| Non-users n(%) 1563(83.5) |
Users n(%) 308(16.5) |
Total n(%) 1871(100.0) |
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| Sex |
x2 = 5.594; p = 0.018 |
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| Men |
758(83.4) |
151(16.6) |
909(48.6) |
| Women |
805(83.7) |
157(16.3) |
962(51.4) |
| Ages |
x2 = 35.732; p = 0.000 |
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| ≤ 18 |
358(86.7) |
55(13.3) |
413(22.1) |
| 19–20 |
789(84.6) |
144(15.4) |
933(49.9) |
| 21–22 |
292(85.1) |
51(14.9) |
343(18.3) |
| ≥ 23 |
124(68.1) |
58(31.9) |
182(9.7) |
| BMI values |
x2 = 73.392; p = 0.000 |
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| Underweight (<18.5) |
199(67.7) |
95(32.3) |
294(15.7) |
| Normal weight (≥ 18.5 – ≤ 24.99) |
1212(86.6) |
187(13.4) |
1399(74.8) |
| Overweight (≥ 25 – ≤ 29.9) |
121(90.3) |
13(9.7) |
134(7.2) |
| Obese (≥ 30 – ≤ 39.9) |
31(70.5) |
13(29.5) |
44(2.4) |
| Type of school |
x2 = 23.573; p = 0.000 |
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| Medicine |
164(79.2) |
43(20.8) |
207(11.1) |
| Engineering and architecture |
536(88.4) |
70(11.6) |
606(32.4) |
| Science and literature |
332(82.4) |
71(17.6) |
403(21.5) |
| Economics |
204(79.7) |
52(16.9) |
256(13.7) |
| Education |
144(77.0) |
43(23.0) |
187(10.0) |
| College of health services. |
183(86.3) |
29(13.7) |
212(11.3) |
| Year in school |
ns |
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| Freshman |
570(85.6) |
96(14.4) |
666(35.6) |
| Sophomore |
556(80.8) |
132(19.2) |
688(36.8) |
| Junior |
168(86.2) |
27(13.8) |
195(10.4) |
| Senior |
269(83.5) |
53(16.5) |
322(17.2) |
| Marital status |
ns |
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| Single |
1520(83.7) |
296(16.3) |
1816(97.1) |
| Married |
33(82.5) |
7(17.5) |
40(2.1) |
| Divorced/widow(er)/separated |
10(66.7) |
5(33.3) |
15(0.8) |
| Mother's education level |
x2 = 11.940; p = 0.008 |
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| Primary school and lower |
848(84.8) |
152(15.2) |
1000(53.4) |
| Secondary school |
106(74.1) |
37(25.9) |
143(7.6) |
| High school |
395(84.9) |
70(15.1) |
465(24.9) |
| College or university |
214(81.4) |
49(18.6) |
263(14.1) |
| Father's education level |
x2 = 7.807; p = 0.050 |
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| Primary school and lower |
416(87.6) |
59(12.4) |
475(25.4) |
| Secondary school |
149(83.2) |
30(16.8) |
179(9.6) |
| High school |
537(81.7) |
120(18.3) |
657(35.1) |
| College or university |
461(82.3) |
99(17.7) |
560(29.9) |
| Family income |
x2 = 22.971; p = 0.000 |
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| Low |
763(86.7) |
117(13.3) |
880(47.0) |
| Moderate |
566(83.4) |
113(16.6) |
679(36.3) |
| High |
234(75.0) |
78(25.3) |
312(16.7) |
| Most permanent place of residence |
x2 = 13.642; p = 0.001 |
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| Village/town |
141(79.7) |
36(20.3) |
177(9.5) |
| City |
1207(85.3) |
208(14.7) |
1415(75.6) |
| Metropolis |
215(77.1) |
64(22.9) |
279(14.9) |
| Smoking status |
x2 = 15.435; p = 0.000 |
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| Nonsmoker |
1093(85.7) |
183(14.3) |
1276(68.2) |
| Current smoker |
390(80.1) |
97(19.9) |
487(26.0) |
| Former smoker |
80(74.1) |
26(25.9) |
108(5.8) |
| Participation in sport |
x2 = 9.193; p = 0.010 |
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| No |
724(82.5) |
154(17.5) |
878(46.9) |
| Former |
580(82.4) |
124(17.6) |
704(37.6) |
| Yes |
259(89.6) |
30(10.4) |
289(15.4) |
| Exercise |
x2 = 12.205; p = 0.002 |
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| Never |
440(83.5) |
87(16.5) |
527(28.2) |
| Fewer than 3 times per month |
862(85.6) |
145(14.4) |
1007(53.8) |
| More than 3 times per month |
261(77.4) |
76(22.6) |
337(18.0) |
| Self-reported health |
ns |
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| Fair/poor |
400(83.2) |
81(16.8) |
481(25.7) |
| Good-excellent |
1163(83.7) |
227(16.3) |
1390(74.3) |
Ayranci et al. BMC Public Health 2005 5:47 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-47 |
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