Table 1 |
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|
Prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety in population-based studies on refugees living in a Western country |
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|
Reference |
Prevalence PTSD |
Prevalence depression |
Prevalence anxiety |
Measurement instrument |
Study population |
|
|
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|
[13] |
4% |
3% |
5% |
CIDI |
1161 Vietnamese refugees living on average 11 years in Australia |
|
4% (and 9% just after arrival) |
18% |
2% |
criteria from the DSM- Third Edition (PTSD) and Present State Examination (depression and anxiety) |
145 Vietnamese quota refugees interviewed 3 years after resettlement in Norway |
|
|
11% |
4% |
criteria from the DSM-Revised Third Edition |
86 Iranian and 70 Turkish asylum seekers (51%) and refugees living in reception centres (62%) in the Netherlands (70% less than 1 year) |
||
|
[43] |
12% |
Post-traumatic stress section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule |
223 Cambodian refugees living 3 months to 10 years in New Zealand |
||
|
[24] |
15% |
HTQ |
240 refugees, predominantly from former Yugoslavia, interviewed on average 10 months and 3 years after resettlement in Norway |
||
|
[44] |
18–33% |
21% |
modified version of the Post-traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSD) and a questionnaire (depression) |
206 refugees from Bosnia-Hercegovina living in an asylum centre in Sweden |
|
|
[8] |
22% |
HTQ |
157 refugees from Kosovo living on average 2 years in Canada |
||
|
[27] |
32% |
63% |
36% |
HTQ (PTSD) en HSCL-25 (depression and anxiety) |
54 Somalian asylum seekers (76%) and refugees living in reception centres (65% less than 6 months) in the Netherlands |
|
[45] |
35% |
57% |
CIDI |
51 Afghan refugees living on average 4 years in the Netherlands |
|
|
[25] |
35% |
33% |
23% |
CIDI (PTSD) and HSCL-25 (depression and anxiety) |
40 asylum seekers from 21 countries living on average 3 years in Australia |
|
[32] |
37% |
CAPS |
86 Iraqi and Kurdish refugees recently resettled in Sweden |
||
|
[12] |
45% |
51% |
Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-revised (PTSD) and National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (depression) |
124 Cambodian refugees living on average 8 years in the United States |
|
|
[46] |
50% |
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Fourth Edition |
40 refugees from former Yugoslavia living on average 3.5 years in a refugee camp in Italy |
||
|
[47] |
61% |
PDS |
129 Kosovar refugees studied immediately upon resettlement in the United States |
||
|
[48] |
63% |
CAPS |
126 Bosnian refugees with a permanent residency status living for over 3 years (92%) in Australia |
||
|
[49] |
65% |
44% |
34% |
PDS (PTSD) and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory |
842 refugees from Kosovo living in reception centres in the United Kingdom |
|
[26] |
86% |
88% |
80% |
PTSD Checklist based on criteria from the DSM-Revised Third Edition and HSCL-25 (depression and anxiety) |
50 Cambodian refugees living on average 5 years in the United States |
|
[50] |
70% |
PDS |
41 Bosnian refugees living in the United States |
||
|
[51] |
6% (just after arrival) – 2% (10 years after arrival) |
symptom inventory |
608 Southeast Asian refugees living in Canada |
||
|
[52] |
25% |
25% |
HSCL |
180 Somali refugees (96%) and asylum seekers living on average 8 years in the United Kingdom |
|
|
[28] |
29% |
15% |
HSCL-25 |
129 Indochinese refugees living in New Zealand |
|
|
|
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|
CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; HTQ = Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; PDS = Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; HSCL = Hopkins Symptom Check List |
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|
Gerritsen et al. BMC Public Health 2004 4:7 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-7 |
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