Table 3

Association between alcohol-related mortality and urbanicity in England and Wales, 1999-2003.

Rate ratio (95% CI)

Urbanicity

Adjusted for age

Adjusted for age and socioeconomic deprivation

Males

Village, hamlet and isolated dwelling

1

1

Town and fringe

1.51 (1.26 to 1.82)

1.19 (1.04 to 1.37)

Urban

2.37 (2.05 to 2.75)

1.35 (1.20 to 1.52)

Females

Village, hamlet and isolated dwelling

1

1

Town and fringe

1.28 (1.10 to 1.48)

1.08 (0.95 to 1.22)

Urban

1.68 (1.50 to 1.88)

1.13 (1.01 to 1.25)

Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) adjusted for age, before and after adjustment for socioeconomic deprivation.

Erskine et al. BMC Public Health 2010 10:99   doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-99