Table 1

Mean (SD) scores and mean difference scores for each item and total scores on the Punjabi and English version of the HADS†

Item
Mean (SD) score on Punjabi version
Mean (SD) score on English version
Mean (SD) difference in scores†

Anxiety



A1 (Tenseness)
1.11 (0.97)
1.10 (0.87)
0.01 (0.83)
A3 (Frightened)
1.07 (1.07)
1.40 (1.02)
-0.33 (1.06)*
A5 (Worry)
1.14 (1.08)
1.16 (0.97)
-0.03 (1.00)
A7 (Relaxed)
1.14 (1.03)
1.01 (0.95)
0.12 (0.88)
A9 (Nervousness)
0.93 (0.89)
0.89 (0.91)
0.04 (0.84)
A11 (Restlessness)
1.63 (1.03)
1.37 (0.92)
0.26 (1.09)*
A13 (Panic)
1.34 (0.99)
1.23 (1.03)
0.11 (0.89)
Anxiety subscale score
8.36 (4.79)
8.16 (4.88)
0.19 (2.71)




Depression



D2 (Current enjoyment)
1.25 (1.02)
0.96 (0.90)
0.29 (1.11)*
D4 (Laughter)
0.86 (1.00)
0.71 (0.99)
0.15 (0.95)
D6 (Cheerfulness)
0.85 (0.70)
0.82 (0.86)
0.03 (1.09)
D8 (Reduced energy)
1.40 (0.94)
1.41 (0.90)
-0.01 (1.07)
D10 (Loss of interest)
1.07 (1.10)
0.90 (0.97)
0.16 (0.91)
D12 (Future enjoyment)
0.77 (0.87)
1.05 (1.03)
-0.29 (1.03)*
D14 (Leisure time enjoyment)
0.85 (0.94)
0.66 (0.89)
0.19 (0.74)*
Depression subscale score
7.04 (3.97)
6.52 (4.67)
0.52 (3.28)




Total HADS score
15.40 (8.24)
14.68 (8.61)
0.71 (4.76)

† = Punjabi score minus English score

* = p < 0.05 (based on one sample t-tests)

Lane et al. BMC Psychiatry 2007 7:5   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-7-5