Table 4

CES-D scores at six month follow-up as a function of treatment use and summary of regressions predicting CES-D at six month follow-up

Treatment Users
 Treatment Non Users
 Regression Statistics
Specific Treatments
 Meanb
 SE
 N
 Meanb
 SE
 N
 B
 SE
 p
 95%CI
Evidence Based









Antidepressants
 16.65
 1.03
 93
 16.10
 .62
 253
 .50
 1.20
 .679
 -1.86–2.85
CBT
 18.62
 1.32
 55
 15.80
 .57
 291
 3.61
 1.48
 .015*
 .71–6.51
Self-help books
 15.29
 1.10
 80
 16.54
 .60
 302
 -1.11
 1.26
 .377
 -3.59–1.36
Exercise
 16.28
 .66
 223
 16.20
 .89
 123
 .13
 1.11
 .907
 -2.05–2.31
Yoga
 15.37
 1.61
 37
 16.35
 .56
 309
 -.82
 1.70
 .630
 -4.17–2.52
Massage
 14.54
 1.29
 58
 16.59
 .58
 288
 -1.80
 1.42
 .206
 -4.58-.99
Relaxation therapy
 12.59
 1.43
 46
 16.81
 .56
 300
 -3.78
 1.55
 .015*
 -6.82–-.74
Cut out alcohol
 15.95
 1.30
 57
 16.31
 .58
 289
 -.27
 1.42
 .848
 -3.07–2.52
Use vitamins
 13.91
 1.46
 46
 16.61
 .57
 300
 -2.75
 1.56
 .079
 -5.82-.32











Non-evidence based
Counselling
 16.22
 1.48
 44
 16.25
 .57
 302
 -.35
 1.59
 .828
 -3.47–2.78
Eating chocolate
 15.75
 1.07
 85
 16.41
 .61
 261
 -.71
 1.23
 .565
 -3.13–1.71
Listening to music
 16.09
 .72
 187
 16.44
 .78
 159
 -.63
 1.07
 .554
 -2.73–1.47
Being with pets
 14.80
 .74
 172
 17.68
 .74
 174
 -3.19
 1.05
 .002**
 -5.25–-1.14
Doing things you enjoy
 15.82
 .67
 211
 16.93
 .84
 135
 -1.13
 1.07
 .292
 -3.24-.98
Meditation
 15.51
 1.39
 50
 16.23
 .57
 296
 -.26
 1.50
 .863
 -3.21–2.69
Avoiding caffeine
 14.03
 1.59
 38
 16.52
 .56
 308
 -2.47
 1.67
 .140
 -5.76-.82
Use alcohol
 16.50
 1.15
 74
 16.18
 .60
 272
 .063
 1.30
 .961
 -2.49–2.61











Sources of Help
GP
 14.17
 1.08
 84
 16.91
 .60
 262
 -2.77
 1.24
 .026*
 -5.20–-.34
Counsellor/psychologist
 15.56
 1.37
 52
 16.32
 .57
 294
 -.68
 1.49
 .650
 -3.60–2.25
Family and friends
 16.59
 .65
 227
 15360
 .90
 119
 .81
 1.11
 .465
 -1.37–3.00
Categories of Treatments









Professional treatments (0–6)





-.15
 .39
 .707
 -.92-.63
Everyday treatments (0–4)





-.44
 .33
 .179
 -1.09-.20
Complementary treatments (0–4)





-1.13
 .63
 .073
 -2.36-.11
Dietary treatments (0–6)





-.85
 .61
 .181
 -2.10-.40

Notes: a: Linear regression was used for all analyses adjusting for condition and pre-intervention depression.

b: Estimated marginal means adjusted for mean CESD at pre-intervention (20.86).

Christensen et al. BMC Psychiatry 2006 6:13   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-6-13