Table 2 |
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|
Predictors of broad-spectrum* antibiotic choice among pediatric visits with an antibiotic prescription in United States physician's offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments, 1998–2004 |
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|
Characteristic |
Proportion of Visits (%) (N = 6878) |
Visits with a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Prescription (%)† |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Prescription |
|
|
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|
Calendar year, per 1 y |
100 |
-- |
1.07 (1.05 – 1.10) |
|
Sex |
|||
|
Female |
47 |
46 |
1.00 |
|
Male |
53 |
54 |
1.02 (0.92 – 1.12) |
|
Age |
|||
|
< 2 years |
49 |
48 |
1.00 |
|
≥ 2 years |
51 |
52 |
1.05 (0.94 – 1.18) |
|
Race |
|||
|
White |
73 |
78 |
1.00 |
|
Non-White |
27 |
22 |
0.65 (0.58 – 0.73) |
|
Insurance |
|||
|
Private |
43 |
47 |
1.00 |
|
Medicaid/Medicare |
43 |
41 |
0.85 (0.76 – 0.95) |
|
Self-pay & Other |
14 |
12 |
0.76 (0.65 – 0.89) |
|
Physician Specialty‡ |
|||
|
Pediatrics |
60 |
59 |
1.00 |
|
Family Practice |
37 |
37 |
1.07 (0.91 – 1.24) |
|
Otolaryngology |
3 |
4 |
1.47 (0.96 – 2.25) |
|
Setting |
|||
|
Physician Office |
17 |
22 |
1.00 |
|
Hospital Clinic |
29 |
29 |
0.77 (0.66 – 0.90) |
|
Emergency Department |
54 |
49 |
0.61 (0.53 – 0.71) |
|
Region |
|||
|
West |
20 |
16 |
1.00 |
|
South |
26 |
41 |
2.27 (1.97 – 2.62) |
|
Midwest |
33 |
25 |
1.38 (1.19 – 1.60) |
|
Northeast |
21 |
18 |
1.15 (0.98 – 1.35) |
|
Fever |
|||
|
No |
62 |
63 |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
38 |
37 |
0.96 (0.86 – 1.07) |
|
Ear Pain |
|||
|
No |
68 |
70 |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
32 |
30 |
0.83 (0.73 – 0.94) |
|
|
|||
|
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. *Broad-spectrum antibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanate, macrolides, cephalosporins and quinolones. †As a percentage of the total number of patients prescribed an antibiotic. ‡Physician office and hospital outpatient department settings only (N = 3168). |
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|
Coco et al. BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:41 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-41 |
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